The problem of ensuring reliable delivery of data over unreliable transmission media is by no means unexplored. For instance, the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a protocol designed to ensure reliable in-order delivery of data over an unreliable packet-oriented network service. However, TCP and similar protocols are most commonly implemented through software within operation systems designed to run on general-purpose compute hardware. For demanding measurement devices, however, implementations using custom logic implemented in application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) or field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) can typically capture and process data at a greater rate and resolution compared to software systems. This raises the question: how can measurement data be transferred from such a capture device to a remote system for storage and further processing, reliably and at a sufficient data rate? In an effort to answer the aforementioned question, this thesis analyzes preexisting mechanisms for reliable data transport over Ethernet and IP networks, as well as high-bandwidth measurement devices based on the example of a time-to-digital converter (TDC). Combining this knowledge, it presents HELIX, a network protocol and system architecture for reliable transmission of data, implemented through FPGAs. HELIX uses novel concepts and mechanisms to be efficiently implementable within FPGA-based systems, such as an integration of the transmitter's memory management architecture with the transport protocol itself.