Parameter association

Parameters transfer values between caller and procedure

formal parameters:

• defined in procedure definition
• used in called procedure

actual parameters:

• appear in calling program
• values/variables in the calling program that are associated with the formal parameters in this call

An example shows a program that includes a procedure with parameters. The actual parameters in the calling program are associated in respective order with the formal parameters in the procedure.

Order of association

ordered association (first actual --> first formal, etc):

Named association:

An example demonstrates the association of parameters when a procedure is called; when it is about to finish executing and return parameter values to its caller; and when control returns to the caller.