@inproceedings {INPROC-2017-74,
author = {Frank Leymann and Uwe Breitenb{\"u}cher and Sebastian Wagner and Johannes Wettinger},
title = {{Native Cloud Applications: Why Monolithic Virtualization Is Not Their Foundation}},
booktitle = {Cloud Computing and Services Science},
publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
institution = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Fakult{\"a}t Informatik, Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Germany},
pages = {16--40},
type = {Konferenz-Beitrag},
month = {Juli},
year = {2017},
isbn = {978-3-319-62594-2},
language = {Englisch},
cr-category = {K.6 Management of Computing and Information Systems,
D.2.12 Software Engineering Interoperability},
department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
abstract = {Due to the current hype around cloud computing, the term `native cloud
application' becomes increasingly popular. It suggests an application to fully
benefit from all the advantages of cloud computing. Many users tend to consider
their applications as cloud native if the application is just bundled as a
monolithic virtual machine or container. Even though virtualization is
fundamental for implementing the cloud computing paradigm, a virtualized
application does not automatically cover all properties of a native cloud
application. In this work, which is an extension of a previous paper, we
propose a definition of a native cloud application by specifying the set of
characteristic architectural properties, which a native cloud application has
to provide. We demonstrate the importance of these properties by introducing a
typical scenario from current practice that moves an application to the cloud.
The identified properties and the scenario especially show why virtualization
alone is insufficient to build native cloud applications. We also outline how
native cloud applications respect the core principles of service-oriented
architectures, which are currently hyped a lot in the form of microservice
architectures. Finally, we discuss the management of native cloud applications
using container orchestration approaches as well as the cloud standard TOSCA.},
url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2017-74&engl=0}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2017-23,
author = {Christian Endres and Uwe Breitenb{\"u}cher and Frank Leymann and Johannes Wettinger},
title = {{Anything to Topology - A Method and System Architecture to Topologize Technology-Specific Application Deployment Artifacts}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Cloud Computing and Services Science (CLOSER 2017), Porto, Portugal},
publisher = {SCITEPRESS},
institution = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Fakult{\"a}t Informatik, Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Germany},
pages = {180--190},
type = {Konferenz-Beitrag},
month = {April},
year = {2017},
isbn = {978-989-758-243-1},
keywords = {Application Deployment; Topology Crawling; TOSCA; Configuration Management; Chef},
language = {Deutsch},
cr-category = {D.2.9 Software Engineering Management,
D.2.11 Software Engineering Software Architectures,
D.2.13 Software Engineering Reusable Software},
department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
abstract = {In recent years, many application deployment technologies have emerged such as
configuration management tools, e.g., Chef and Juju, infrastructure and
platform technologies, e.g., Cloud Foundry and OpenStack, as well as
container-based approaches, e.g., Docker. As a result, many repositories exist
which contain executable and heavily used artifacts that can be used with these
technologies, e.g., to deploy a WordPress application. However, to automate the
deployment of more complex applications, typically, multiple of these
technologies have to be used in combination. Thus, often, diverse artifacts
stored in different repositories need to be integrated. This requires expertise
about each technology and leads to a manual, complex, and error-prone
integrationstep. Inthispaper, wetackletheseissues:
Wepresentamethodandsystemarchitecturethatenables crawling repositories in order
to transform the contained artifacts into technology-agnostic topology models,
each describing the components that get installed as well as their
dependencies. We show how these topologies can be combined to model the
deployment of complex applications and how the resulting topology can be
deployed automatically by one runtime. To prove the feasibility, we developed
and evaluated a prototype based on the TOSCA standard and conducted a case
study for Chef artifacts.},
url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2017-23&engl=0}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2017-12,
author = {Christian Endres and Uwe Breitenb{\"u}cher and Michael Falkenthal and Oliver Kopp and Frank Leymann and Johannes Wettinger},
title = {{Declarative vs. Imperative: Two Modeling Patterns for the Automated Deployment of Applications}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Pervasive Patterns and Applications (PATTERNS)},
publisher = {Xpert Publishing Services},
institution = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Fakult{\"a}t Informatik, Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Germany},
pages = {22--27},
type = {Konferenz-Beitrag},
month = {Februar},
year = {2017},
isbn = {978-1-61208-534-0},
keywords = {Modeling Patterns; Application Deployment and Management; Automation; Cloud Computing},
language = {Englisch},
cr-category = {C.0 Computer Systems Organization, General,
D.2.9 Software Engineering Management,
D.2.13 Software Engineering Reusable Software},
department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Parallele und Verteilte Systeme, Anwendersoftware;
Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
abstract = {In the field of cloud computing, the automated deployment of applications is of
vital importance and supported by diverse management technologies. However,
currently there is no systematic knowledge collection that points out
commonalities, capabilities, and differences of these approaches. This paper
aims at identifying common modeling principles employed by technologies to
create automatically executable models that describe the deployment of
applications. We discuss two fundamental approaches for modeling the automated
deployment of applications: imperative procedural models and declarative
models. For these two approaches, we identified (i) basic pattern primitives
and (ii) documented these approaches as patterns that point out frequently
occurring problems in certain contexts including proven modeling solutions. The
introduced patterns foster the understanding of common application deployment
concepts, are validated regarding their occurrence in established
state-of-the-art technologies, and enable the transfer of that knowledge.},
url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2017-12&engl=0}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2016-19,
author = {Frank Leymann and Christoph Fehling and Sebastian Wagner and Johannes Wettinger},
title = {{Native Cloud Applications: Why Virtual Machines, Images and Containers Miss the Point!}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Cloud Computing and Service Science (CLOSER 2016)},
address = {Rome},
publisher = {SciTePress},
institution = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Fakult{\"a}t Informatik, Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Germany},
pages = {7--15},
type = {Konferenz-Beitrag},
month = {April},
year = {2016},
keywords = {Cloud Computing; Virtualization; Cloud Migration; SOA; Microservices; Continuous Delivery},
language = {Englisch},
cr-category = {D.2.9 Software Engineering Management,
D.2.11 Software Engineering Software Architectures,
K.6 Management of Computing and Information Systems,
H.4.1 Office Automation},
contact = {leymann@iaas.uni-stuttgart.de},
department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
abstract = {Due to the current hype around cloud computing, the term {\^a}€śnative cloud
application{\^a}€ť becomes increasingly popular. It suggests an application to
fully benefit from all the advantages of cloud computing. Many users tend to
consider their applications as cloud native if the application is just bundled
in a virtual machine image or a container. Even though virtualization is
fundamental for implementing the cloud computing paradigm, a virtualized
application does not automatically cover all properties of a native cloud
application. In this work, we propose a definition of a native cloud
application by specifying the set of characteristic architectural properties,
which a native cloud application has to provide. We demonstrate the importance
of these properties by introducing a typical scenario from current practice
that moves an application to the cloud. The identified properties and the
scenario especially show why virtualization alone is insufficient to build
native cloud applications. Finally, we outline how native cloud applications
respect the core principles of service-oriented architectures, which are
currently hyped a lot in the form of microservice architectures.},
url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2016-19&engl=0}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2015-56,
author = {C. Timurhan Sungur and Uwe Breitenb{\"u}cher and Frank Leymann and Johannes Wettinger},
title = {{Executing Informal Processes}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications \& Services (iiWAS 2015)},
publisher = {ACM},
institution = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Fakult{\"a}t Informatik, Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Germany},
pages = {391--400},
type = {Konferenz-Beitrag},
month = {Dezember},
year = {2015},
keywords = {Informal processes; Agent-centered processes; Human-centric processes; Process execution; TOSCA; APIfication},
language = {Englisch},
cr-category = {H.4.1 Office Automation,
H.5.3 Group and Organization Interfaces},
department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
abstract = {Processes involving knowledge workers, such as decisionmaking processes,
research processes, development processes, maintenance processes, etc. play a
critical role for many organizations because they represent a valuable amount
of the work an organization delivers. Therefore, supporting and automating such
processes is vitally important for organizations. In our previous work, we have
proposed a resource-centric approach called Informal Process Essentials (IPE)
to support and to provide a certain degree of automation. The approach enables
specifying required resources including autonomous agents of an informal
process for accomplishing process goals through creating and initializing IPE
models. Initializing an IPE model results in the acquirement of resources that
collaboratively work towards the goals specified by the model. In this work, we
provide an approach to automating the enactment of such resource-centric
informal processes in two steps: (i) integrating resources of informal
processes and (ii) executing informal processes. The approach we introduce
enables the inclusion of different resource domains, e.g., IT resources, human
resources, etc., and resource deployment environments, e.g., OpenTOSCA, Docker,
etc. to model and enact informal processes. During the execution, the resources
made available through the integration are acquired and engaged for goals of
modeled informal processes. To validate the introduced concepts, we apply the
approach to a detailed case study that realizes these two steps based on
existing approaches and technologies, in particular, the OpenTOSCA ecosystem,
an knowledge base, and an APIfication approach.},
url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2015-56&engl=0}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2015-55,
author = {Uwe Breitenb{\"u}cher and Tobias Binz and Oliver Kopp and Frank Leymann and Johannes Wettinger},
title = {{A Modelling Concept to Integrate Declarative and Imperative Cloud Application Provisioning Technologies}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Cloud Computing and Services Science (CLOSER 2015)},
publisher = {SciTePress},
institution = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Fakult{\"a}t Informatik, Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Germany},
pages = {487--496},
type = {Konferenz-Beitrag},
month = {Mai},
year = {2015},
keywords = {Cloud Application Provisioning; Automation; Declarative Modelling; Imperative Modelling},
language = {Englisch},
cr-category = {K.6 Management of Computing and Information Systems},
department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Parallele und Verteilte Systeme, Anwendersoftware;
Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
abstract = {Efficient application provisioning is one of the most important issues in Cloud
Computing today. For that purpose, various provisioning automation technologies
have been developed that can be generally categorized into two different
flavors: (i) declarative approaches are based on describing the desired goals
whereas (ii) imperative approaches are used to describe explicit sequences of
low-level tasks. Since modern Cloud-based business applications become more and
more complex, employ a plethora of heterogeneous components and services that
must be wired, and require complex configurations, the two kinds of
technologies have to be integrated to model the provisioning of such
applications. In this paper, we present a process modelling concept that
enables the seamless integration of imperative and declarative provisioning
models and their technologies while preserving the strengths of both flavors.
We validate the technical feasibility of the approach by applying the concept
to the workflow language BPEL and evaluate its features by several criteria.},
url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2015-55&engl=0}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2015-39,
author = {Johannes Wettinger and Vasilios Andrikopoulos and Frank Leymann},
title = {{Enabling DevOps Collaboration and Continuous Delivery Using Diverse Application Environments}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Cooperative Information Systems (CoopIS 2015)},
publisher = {Springer},
institution = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Fakult{\"a}t Informatik, Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Germany},
type = {Konferenz-Beitrag},
month = {Oktober},
year = {2015},
language = {Englisch},
cr-category = {D.2.11 Software Engineering Software Architectures,
C.2.4 Distributed Systems},
department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
abstract = {Aiming to provide the means for efficient collaboration between development and
operations personnel, the DevOps paradigm is backed by an increasingly growing
collection of tools and reusable artifacts for application management.
Continuous delivery pipelines are established based on these building blocks by
implementing fully automated, end-to-end application delivery processes, which
significantly shorten release cycles to reduce risks and costs as well as
gaining a critical competitive advantage. Diverse application environments need
to be managed along the pipeline such as development, build, test, and
production environments. In this work we address the need for systematically
specifying and maintaining diverse application environment topologies enriched
with environment-specific requirements in order to implement continuous
delivery pipelines. Beside the representation of such requirements, we focus on
their systematic and collaborative resolution with respect to the individual
needs of the involved application environments.},
url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2015-39&engl=0}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2015-19,
author = {Santiago G{\'o}mez S{\'a}ez and Vasilios Andrikopoulos and Roberto Jim{\'e}nez S{\'a}nchez and Frank Leymann and Johannes Wettinger},
title = {{Dynamic Tailoring and Cloud-based Deployment of Containerized Service Middleware}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Cloud Computing (CLOUD 2015)},
address = {New York, USA},
publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
institution = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Fakult{\"a}t Informatik, Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Germany},
pages = {1--8},
type = {Konferenz-Beitrag},
month = {Juni},
year = {2015},
language = {Englisch},
cr-category = {D.2.11 Software Engineering Software Architectures,
C.2.4 Distributed Systems},
contact = {Santiago G{\'o}mez S{\'a}ez: santiago.gomez-saez@iaas.uni-stuttgart.de},
department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
abstract = {The emergence and consolidation of container-based virtualization techniques
has simplified and accelerated the development, provisioning, and deployment of
applications for the Cloud. When considering the case of composite
service-based applications that rely on service middleware solutions for their
operation, container-based virtualization offers the opportunity for rapid and
efficient building and deployment of lightweight, optimally configured
middleware instances. As such, it provides an ideal tool for the purposes of
cloudifying existing middleware solutions and offering them as part of larger
PaaS offerings. As part of this effort, our investigation focuses on leveraging
and evaluating a container-based virtualization environment towards enabling
the assembly, provisioning, and execution of dynamically tailored instances to
satisfy service middleware communication requirements of specific applications.
For these purposes we scope the discussion on one particular type of messaging
middleware for composite service applications, the Enterprise Service Bus (ESB)
technology.},
url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2015-19&engl=0}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2015-17,
author = {Johannes Wettinger and Uwe Breitenb{\"u}cher and Frank Leymann},
title = {{DynTail - Dynamically Tailored Deployment Engines for Cloud Applications}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Cloud Computing (CLOUD)},
publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
institution = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Fakult{\"a}t Informatik, Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Germany},
pages = {421--428},
type = {Konferenz-Beitrag},
month = {Juni},
year = {2015},
language = {Englisch},
cr-category = {D.2.11 Software Engineering Software Architectures,
C.2.4 Distributed Systems},
department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
abstract = {Shortening software release cycles increasingly becomes a critical competitive
advantage, not exclusively for software vendors in the field of Web
applications, mobile apps, and the Internet of Things. Today's users,
customers, and other stakeholders expect quick responses to occurring issues
and feature requests. DevOps and Cloud computing are two key paradigms to
enable rapid, continuous deployment and delivery of applications utilizing
automated software delivery pipelines. However, it is a highly complex and
sophisticated challenge to implement such pipelines by installing, configuring,
and integrating corresponding general-purpose deployment automation tooling.
Therefore, we present a method in conjunction with a framework and
implementation to dynamically generate tailored deployment engines for specific
application stacks to deploy corresponding applications. Generated deployment
engines are packaged in a portable manner to run them on various platforms and
infrastructures. The core of our work is based on generating APIs for arbitrary
deployment executables such as scripts and plans that perform different tasks
in the automated deployment process. As a result, deployment tasks can be
triggered through generated API endpoints, abstracting from lower-level,
technical details of different deployment automation tooling.},
url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2015-17&engl=0}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2015-12,
author = {Johannes Wettinger and Uwe Breitenb{\"u}cher and Frank Leymann},
title = {{Any2API - Automated APIfication}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Cloud Computing and Services Science (CLOSER 2015)},
address = {Stuttgart},
publisher = {SciTePress},
institution = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Fakult{\"a}t Informatik, Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Germany},
pages = {475--486},
type = {Konferenz-Beitrag},
month = {Mai},
year = {2015},
language = {Englisch},
cr-category = {D.2.12 Software Engineering Interoperability,
C.2.4 Distributed Systems},
department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
abstract = {APIs are a popular means to expose functionality provided by Cloud-based
systems, which are utilized to integrate and orchestrate application as well as
management functionality in a programmatic manner. In the domain of application
management, they are used to fully automate management processes, for example,
to deploy Cloud-based Web applications or back-ends for mobile apps. However,
as not all required functionality is exposed through an API natively, such
processes additionally involve a multitude of other heterogeneous technologies
such as scripting languages and deployment automation tooling. Consequently,
combining different technologies in an efficient manner is a complex
integration challenge. In this paper, we present a generic approach for
automatically generating API implementations for arbitrary executables such as
scripts and compiled programs, which are not natively exposed as APIs. This
APIfication tackles the aforementioned integration challenges by unifying the
invocation of heterogeneous technologies while avoiding the costly and manual
wrapping of existing executables because it does not scale. We further present
the modular and extensible open-source framework Any2API that implements our
APIfication approach. Furthermore, we evaluate the approach and the framework
by measuring the overhead of generating and using API implementations. In
addition, we conduct a detailed case study to confirm the technical feasibility
of the approach.},
url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2015-12&engl=0}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2015-01,
author = {Johannes Wettinger and Vasilios Andrikopoulos and Frank Leymann},
title = {{Automated Capturing and Systematic Usage of DevOps Knowledge for Cloud Applications}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Cloud Engineering (IC2E 2015)},
publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
institution = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Fakult{\"a}t Informatik, Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Germany},
pages = {60--65},
type = {Konferenz-Beitrag},
month = {M{\"a}rz},
year = {2015},
language = {Englisch},
cr-category = {D.2.11 Software Engineering Software Architectures,
C.2.4 Distributed Systems},
department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
abstract = {DevOps is an emerging paradigm to actively foster the collaboration between
system developers and operations in order to enable efficient end-to-end
automation of software deployment and management processes. DevOps is typically
combined with Cloud computing, which enables rapid, on-demand provisioning of
underlying resources such as virtual servers, storage, or database instances
using APIs in a self-service manner. Today, an ever-growing amount of DevOps
tools, reusable artifacts such as scripts, and Cloud services are available to
implement DevOps automation. Thus, informed decision making on the appropriate
approach(es) for the needs of an application is hard. In this work we present a
collaborative and holistic approach to capture DevOps knowledge in a
knowledgebase. Beside the ability to capture expert knowledge and utilize
crowdsourcing approaches, we implemented a crawling framework to automatically
discover and capture DevOps knowledge. Moreover, we show how this knowledge is
utilized to deploy and operate Cloud applications.},
url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2015-01&engl=0}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2014-68,
author = {Johannes Wettinger and Uwe Breitenb{\"u}cher and Frank Leymann},
title = {{Standards-based DevOps Automation and Integration Using TOSCA}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing (UCC 2014)},
publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
institution = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Fakult{\"a}t Informatik, Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Germany},
pages = {59--68},
type = {Konferenz-Beitrag},
month = {Dezember},
year = {2014},
language = {Englisch},
cr-category = {D.2.11 Software Engineering Software Architectures,
C.2.4 Distributed Systems},
department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
abstract = {DevOps is an emerging paradigm to tightly integrate developers with operations
personnel. This is required to enable fast and frequent releases in the sense
of continuously delivering software. Users and customers of today's Web
applications and mobile apps running in the Cloud expect fast feedback to
problems and feature requests. Thus, it is a critical competitive advantage to
be able to respond quickly. Beside cultural and organizational changes that are
necessary to implement DevOps in practice, tooling is required to implement
end-to-end automation of deployment processes. Automation is the key to
efficient collaboration and tight integration between development and
operations. The DevOps community is constantly pushing new approaches, tools,
and open-source artifacts to implement such automated processes. However, as
all these proprietary and heterogeneous DevOps automation approaches differ
from each other, it is hard to integrate and combine them to deploy
applications in the Cloud. In this paper we present a systematic classification
of DevOps artifacts and show how different kinds of artifacts can be
transformed toward TOSCA, an emerging standard in this field. This enables the
seamless and interoperable orchestration of arbitrary artifacts to model and
deploy application topologies. We validate the presented approach by a
prototype implementation, show its practical feasibility by a detailed case
study, and evaluate its performance.},
url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2014-68&engl=0}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2014-56,
author = {Johannes Wettinger and Uwe Breitenb{\"u}cher and Frank Leymann},
title = {{Compensation-based vs. Convergent Deployment Automation for Services Operated in the Cloud}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Service-Oriented Computing (ICSOC 2014)},
publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
institution = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Fakult{\"a}t Informatik, Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Germany},
pages = {336--350},
type = {Konferenz-Beitrag},
month = {November},
year = {2014},
language = {Englisch},
cr-category = {D.2.11 Software Engineering Software Architectures,
C.2.4 Distributed Systems},
department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
abstract = {Leading paradigms to develop and operate applications such as continuous
delivery, configuration management, and the merge of development and operations
(DevOps) are the foundation for various techniques and tools to implement
automated deployment. To expose such applications as services (SaaS) to users
and customers these approaches are typically used in conjunction with Cloud
computing to automatically provision and manage underlying resources such as
storage or virtual machines. A major class of these automation approaches
follows the idea of converging toward a desired state of a resource (e.g., a
middleware component deployed on a virtual machine). This is achieved by
repeatedly executing idempotent scripts until the desired state is reached.
Because of major drawbacks of this approach, we present an alternative
deployment automation approach based on compensation and fine-grained snapshots
using container virtualization. We further perform an evaluation comparing both
approaches in terms of difficulties at design time and performance at runtime.},
url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2014-56&engl=0}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2014-46,
author = {Johannes Wettinger and Uwe Breitenb{\"u}cher and Frank Leymann},
title = {{DevOpSlang - Bridging the Gap Between Development and Operations}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 3rd European Conference on Service-Oriented and Cloud Computing (ESOCC 2014)},
publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
institution = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Fakult{\"a}t Informatik, Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Germany},
pages = {108--122},
type = {Konferenz-Beitrag},
month = {September},
year = {2014},
language = {Englisch},
cr-category = {D.2.11 Software Engineering Software Architectures,
C.2.4 Distributed Systems},
department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
abstract = {DevOps is an emerging paradigm to eliminate the split and barrier between
developers and operations personnel that traditionally exists in many
enterprises today. The main promise of DevOps is to enable continuous delivery
of software in order to enable fast and frequent releases. This enables quick
responses to changing requirements of customers and thus may be a critical
competitive advantage. In this work we propose a language called DevOpSlang in
conjunction with a methodology to implement DevOps as an efficient means for
collaboration and automation purposes. Efficient collaboration and automation
are the key enablers to implement continuous delivery and thus to react to
changing customer requirements quickly.},
url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2014-46&engl=0}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2014-38,
author = {Johannes Wettinger and Katharina G{\"o}rlach and Frank Leymann},
title = {{Deployment Aggregates - A Generic Deployment Automation Approach for Applications Operated in the Cloud}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 18th International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference Workshops and Demonstrations (International Workshop on Engineering Cloud Applications \& Services, EnCASE 2014)},
publisher = {IEEE Computer Society Press},
institution = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Fakult{\"a}t Informatik, Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Germany},
pages = {173--180},
type = {Workshop-Beitrag},
month = {September},
year = {2014},
doi = {10.1109/EDOCW.2014.34},
language = {Englisch},
cr-category = {D.2.11 Software Engineering Software Architectures,
C.2.4 Distributed Systems},
department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
abstract = {One of the most essential requirements to make use of the benefits of Cloud
computing is fully automated provisioning and deployment of applications
including all related resources. This leads to crucial cost reductions when
deploying and operating applications in the Cloud because manual processes are
slow, error-prone, and thus costly. Both Cloud providers and the open-source
community provide a huge variety of tools, APIs, domain-specific languages, and
reusable artifacts to implement deployment automation. However, the meta-models
behind these approaches are diverse. This diversity makes it challenging to
combine different approaches, avoiding vendor lock-in and tooling lock-in. In
this work we propose deployment aggregates as a generic means to use and
orchestrate different kinds of deployment approaches. We define a generic
meta-model and show its relation to existing meta-models in the domain of
deployment automation. Moreover, we discuss how existing artifacts can be used
as deployment aggregates as a result of transformation and enrichment.},
url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2014-38&engl=0}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2014-22,
author = {Johannes Wettinger and Tobias Binz and Uwe Breitenb{\"u}cher and Oliver Kopp and Frank Leymann and Michael Zimmermann},
title = {{Unified Invocation of Scripts and Services for Provisioning, Deployment, and Management of Cloud Applications Based on TOSCA}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Cloud Computing and Services Science (CLOSER 2014)},
publisher = {SciTePress},
institution = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Fakult{\"a}t Informatik, Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Germany},
pages = {559--568},
type = {Konferenz-Beitrag},
month = {April},
year = {2014},
language = {Englisch},
cr-category = {K.6 Management of Computing and Information Systems,
C.2.4 Distributed Systems},
contact = {E-mail: johannes.wettinger@iaas.uni-stuttgart.de},
department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
abstract = {There are several script-centric approaches, APIs, and tools available to
implement automated provisioning, deployment, and management of applications in
the Cloud. The automation of all these aspects is key for reducing costs.
However, most of these approaches are script-centric and provide proprietary
solutions employing different invocation mechanisms, interfaces, and state
models. Moreover, most Cloud providers offer proprietary Web services or APIs
to be used for provisioning and management purposes. Consequently, it is hard
to create deployment and management plans integrating several of these
approaches. The goal of our work is to come up with an approach for unified
invocation of scripts and services without handling each proprietary interface
separately. A prototype realizes the presented approach in a standards-based
manner using the Topology and Orchestration Specification for Cloud
Applications (TOSCA).},
url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2014-22&engl=0}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2014-21,
author = {Uwe Breitenb{\"u}cher and Tobias Binz and K{\'a}lm{\'a}n K{\'e}pes and Oliver Kopp and Frank Leymann and Johannes Wettinger},
title = {{Combining Declarative and Imperative Cloud Application Provisioning based on TOSCA}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Cloud Engineering (IC2E)},
publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
institution = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Fakult{\"a}t Informatik, Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Germany},
pages = {87--96},
type = {Konferenz-Beitrag},
month = {M{\"a}rz},
year = {2014},
doi = {10.1109/IC2E.2014.56},
language = {Englisch},
cr-category = {K.6 Management of Computing and Information Systems},
department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
abstract = {The automation of application provisioning is one of the most important issues
in Cloud Computing. The Topology and Orchestration Specification for Cloud
Applications (TOSCA) supports automating provisioning by two different flavors:
(i) declarative processing is based on interpreting application topology models
by a runtime that infers provisioning logic whereas (ii) imperative processing
employs provisioning plans that explicitly describe the provisioning tasks to
be executed. Both flavors come with benefits and drawbacks. This paper presents
a means to combine both flavors to resolve drawbacks and to profit from
benefits of both worlds: we propose a standards-based approach to generate
provisioning plans based on TOSCA topology models. These provisioning plans are
workflows that can be executed fully automatically and may be customized by
application developers after generation. We prove the technical feasibility of
the approach by an end-to-end open source toolchain and evaluate its
extensibility, performance, and complexity.},
url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2014-21&engl=0}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2014-19,
author = {Vasilios Andrikopoulos and Santiago G{\'o}mez S{\'a}ez and Frank Leymann and Johannes Wettinger},
title = {{Optimal Distribution of Applications in the Cloud}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 26th Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE 2014)},
editor = {Matthias Jarke and John Mylopoulos and Christoph Quix},
publisher = {Springer},
institution = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Fakult{\"a}t Informatik, Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Germany},
series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS)},
pages = {1--15},
type = {Konferenz-Beitrag},
month = {Juni},
year = {2014},
keywords = {application topology; distribution optimization; cloud computing; operational expenses},
language = {Englisch},
cr-category = {D.2.11 Software Engineering Software Architectures,
C.2.4 Distributed Systems},
contact = {vasilios.andrikopoulos@iaas.uni-stuttgart.de},
department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
abstract = {In an environment of constant change and variation driven by competition and
innovation, a software service can rarely remain stable. Being able to manage
and control the evolution of services is therefore an important goal for the
Service-Oriented paradigm. This work extends existing and widely-adopted
theories from software engineering, programming languages, service oriented
computing and other related fields to provide the fundamental ingredients
required to guarantee that spurious results and inconsistencies that may occur
due to uncontrolled service changes are avoided. The presented work provides a
unifying theoretical framework for controlling the evolution of services that
deals with structural, behavioral and QoS level-induced service changes in a
type-safe manner. The goal of the work is to ensure correct version transitions
so that previous and future clients can use a service in a consistent manner.},
url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2014-19&engl=0}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2014-01,
author = {Johannes Wettinger and Vasilios Andrikopoulos and Steve Strauch and Frank Leymann},
title = {{Characterizing and Evaluating Different Deployment Approaches for Cloud Applications}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Cloud Engineering (IC2E 2014)},
publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
institution = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Fakult{\"a}t Informatik, Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Germany},
pages = {205--214},
type = {Konferenz-Beitrag},
month = {M{\"a}rz},
year = {2014},
language = {Englisch},
cr-category = {D.2.11 Software Engineering Software Architectures,
K.6 Management of Computing and Information Systems},
department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
abstract = {Fully automated provisioning and deployment in order to reduce the costs for
managing applications is one of the most essential requirements to make use of
the benefits of Cloud computing. Several approaches and tools are available to
automate the involved processes. The DevOps community, for example, provides
tooling and artifacts to realize deployment automation on Infrastructure as a
Service level in a mostly application-oriented manner. Platform as a Service
frameworks are also available for the same purpose. In this paper we categorize
and characterize available deployment approaches independently from the
underlying technology used. For this purpose, we choose Web applications with
different technology stacks and analyze their specific deployment requirements.
Afterwards, we provision these applications using each of the identified types
of deployment approaches in the Cloud. Finally, we discuss the evaluation
results and derive recommendations which deployment approach to use based on
the deployment requirements of an application.},
url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2014-01&engl=0}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2013-49,
author = {Uwe Breitenb{\"u}cher and Tobias Binz and Oliver Kopp and Frank Leymann and Johannes Wettinger},
title = {{Integrated Cloud Application Provisioning: Interconnecting Service-Centric and Script-Centric Management Technologies}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Cooperative Information Systems (CoopIS 2013)},
address = {Stuttgart},
publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
institution = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Fakult{\"a}t Informatik, Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Germany},
series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
volume = {8185},
pages = {130--148},
type = {Konferenz-Beitrag},
month = {September},
year = {2013},
isbn = {978-3-642-41029-1},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-41030-7_9},
keywords = {Cloud Application Provisioning; Integration; Management Scripts; Management Services},
language = {Englisch},
cr-category = {K.6 Management of Computing and Information Systems},
department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Parallele und Verteilte Systeme, Anwendersoftware;
Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
abstract = {Modern Cloud applications employ a plethora of components and XaaS offerings
that need to be configured during provisioning. Due to increased heterogeneity,
complexity is growing and existing approaches reach their limits if multiple
different provisioning and configuration technologies are involved. They are
not able to integrate them in an automated, flexible, and customizable way.
Especially combining proprietary management services with script-centric
configuration management technologies is currently a major challenge. To enable
automated provisioning of such applications, we introduce Generic Lifecycle
Management Planlets that provide a means to combine custom provisioning logic
with common provisioning tasks. We implemented planlets for provisioning and
customization of components and XaaS offerings based on both SOAP and RESTful
Web services as well as configuration management technologies such as Chef to
show the feasibility of the approach. By using our approach, multiple
technologies can be combined seamlessly.},
url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2013-49&engl=0}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2013-39,
author = {Christoph Demont and Uwe Breitenb{\"u}cher and Oliver Kopp and Frank Leymann and Johannes Wettinger},
title = {{Towards Integrating TOSCA and ITIL}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th Central-European Workshop on Services and their Composition (ZEUS 2013)},
editor = {Oliver Kopp and Niels Lohmann},
publisher = {CEUR-WS.org},
institution = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Fakult{\"a}t Informatik, Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Germany},
series = {CEUR Workshop Proceedings},
volume = {1029},
pages = {28--31},
type = {Workshop-Beitrag},
month = {September},
year = {2013},
language = {Englisch},
cr-category = {H.4.1 Office Automation},
department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
abstract = {The integration of low level management functionalities provided by TOSCA and
high level processes as defined by ITIL may provide significant improvement
opportunities to the application provider as on both levels workflow technology
can be employed. In this paper, we present Key Performance Indicator Analysis
Plans as first idea how both approaches can be integrated.},
url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2013-39&engl=0}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2013-21,
author = {Johannes Wettinger and Vasilios Andrikopoulos and Steve Strauch and Frank Leymann},
title = {{Enabling Dynamic Deployment of Cloud Applications Using a Modular and Extensible PaaS Environment}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Cloud Computing (CLOUD 2013)},
editor = {IEEE Computer Society},
publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
institution = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Fakult{\"a}t Informatik, Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Germany},
pages = {478--485},
type = {Konferenz-Beitrag},
month = {Juli},
year = {2013},
keywords = {Middleware Abstraction; Infrastructure Abstraction; Middleware-oriented Deployment; PaaS Model; Cloud Computing},
language = {Englisch},
cr-category = {D.2.11 Software Engineering Software Architectures,
K.6 Management of Computing and Information Systems},
department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
abstract = {The Platform as a Service (PaaS) model promotes the development and deployment
of applications on top of middleware solutions offered by the provider.
Deploying an application in this model entails both the deployment of the
application on top of the platform, but potentially also the deployment of the
middleware components required by the application. Existing works enable the
abstraction from the underlying infrastructure and allow for the creation of
generic deployment plans for middleware components that automate the deployment
of applications. In this paper we propose a middleware-oriented deployment
approach that defines how the deployment of middleware components can be
defined in a manner that allows to offer them as PaaS building blocks, and
enable the automatic deployment of application components on them. We also
present an evaluation of our proposal, together with the lessons learned during
this activity.},
url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2013-21&engl=0}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2013-10,
author = {Johannes Wettinger and Michael Behrendt and Tobias Binz and Uwe Breitenb{\"u}cher and Gerd Breiter and Frank Leymann and Simon Moser and Isabell Schwertle and Thomas Spatzier},
title = {{Integrating Configuration Management with Model-Driven Cloud Management Based on TOSCA}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Cloud Computing and Services Science (CLOSER 2013); Aachen, Germany, May 8-10, 2013},
publisher = {SciTePress},
institution = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Fakult{\"a}t Informatik, Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Germany},
pages = {437--446},
type = {Konferenz-Beitrag},
month = {Mai},
year = {2013},
keywords = {Model-Driven Management; Configuration Management; Service Management; Cloud Services; DevOps},
language = {Englisch},
cr-category = {D.2.11 Software Engineering Software Architectures,
K.6 Management of Computing and Information Systems},
contact = {E-Mail: johannes.wettinger@iaas.uni-stuttgart.de},
department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
abstract = {The paradigm of Cloud computing introduces new approaches to manage IT services
going beyond concepts originating in traditional IT service management. The
main goal is to automate the whole management of services to reduce costs and
to make management tasks less error-prone. Two different service management
paradigms are used in practice: configuration management and model-driven Cloud
management. The latter one aims to be a holistic management approach for
services in the Cloud. However, both management paradigms are originating in
different backgrounds, thus model-driven Cloud management does not cover all
aspects of configuration management that are key for Cloud services. This paper
presents approaches for integrating configuration management with model-driven
Cloud management and how they can be realized based on the OASIS Topology and
Orchestration Specification for Cloud Applications and Chef, a popular
configuration management tool. These approaches enable the creation of holistic
and highly portable service models.},
url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2013-10&engl=0}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2013-09,
author = {Johannes Wettinger and Oliver Kopp and Frank Leymann},
title = {{Improving Portability of Cloud Service Topology Models Relying on Script-Based Deployment}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th Central European Workshop on Services and their Composition (ZEUS 2013)},
publisher = {CEUR Workshop Proceedings},
institution = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Fakult{\"a}t Informatik, Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Germany},
type = {Workshop-Beitrag},
month = {Februar},
year = {2013},
issn = {1613-0073},
keywords = {Portability; Service Topology; Topology Model; Service Deployment; Cloud Computing},
language = {Englisch},
cr-category = {D.2.13 Software Engineering Reusable Software,
D.2.11 Software Engineering Software Architectures},
contact = {E-Mail: johannes.wettinger@iaas.uni-stuttgart.de},
department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
abstract = {Portability is key for services running in the Cloud to prevent vendor lock-in.
Today, many Cloud services are portable and can thus be moved from one Cloud
provider to another. However, the management of these services is often bound
to provider-specific management tooling. Thus, the way of management of a
particular Cloud service may completely change when moving it to another Cloud
provider. This paper presents concepts to improve the portability of Cloud
service topology models that are deployed and managed using scripts. We
highlight the challenges of a semi-automatic procedure to generate portable
TOSCA-compliant topology model components based on Juju topology model
components.},
url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2013-09&engl=0}
}
@article {ART-2016-26,
author = {Uwe Breitenb{\"u}cher and Christian Endres and K{\'a}lm{\'a}n K{\'e}pes and Oliver Kopp and Frank Leymann and Sebastian Wagner and Johannes Wettinger and Michael Zimmermann},
title = {{The OpenTOSCA Ecosystem - Concepts \& Tools}},
journal = {European Space project on Smart Systems, Big Data, Future Internet - Towards Serving the Grand Societal Challenges - Volume 1: EPS Rome 2016},
publisher = {SciTePress},
pages = {112--130},
type = {Artikel in Zeitschrift},
month = {Dezember},
year = {2016},
isbn = {978-989-758-207-3},
doi = {10.5220/0007903201120130},
keywords = {TOSCA; OpenTOSCA; Orchestration; Management; Cloud},
language = {Englisch},
cr-category = {D.2.2 Software Engineering Design Tools and Techniques,
D.2.9 Software Engineering Management},
department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Parallele und Verteilte Systeme, Anwendersoftware;
Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
abstract = {Automating the provisioning and management of Cloud applications is one of the
most important issues in Cloud Computing. The Topology and Orchestration
Specification for Cloud Applications (TOSCA) is an OASIS standard for
describing Cloud applications and their management in a portable and
interoperable manner. TOSCA enables modeling the application's structure in the
form of topology models and employs the concept of executable management plans
to describe all required management functionality regarding the application. In
this paper, we give an overview of TOSCA and the OpenTOSCA Ecosystem, which is
an implementation of the TOSCA standard. The ecosystem consists of
standard-compliant tools that enable modeling application topology models and
automating the provisioning and management of the modeled applications.},
url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=ART-2016-26&engl=0}
}
@article {ART-2016-22,
author = {Johannes Wettinger and Uwe Breitenb{\"u}cher and Michael Falkenthal and Frank Leymann},
title = {{Collaborative Gathering and Continuous Delivery of DevOps Solutions through Repositories}},
journal = {Computer Science - Research and Development},
publisher = {Springer},
type = {Artikel in Zeitschrift},
month = {November},
year = {2016},
language = {Englisch},
cr-category = {D.2.11 Software Engineering Software Architectures,
C.2.4 Distributed Systems},
department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
abstract = {Collaboration is a key aspect for establishing DevOps-oriented processes
because diverse experts such as developers and operations personnel need to
efficiently work together to deliver applications. For this purpose, highly
automated continuous delivery pipelines are established, consisting of several
stages and their corresponding application environments (development, test,
production, etc.). The DevOps community provides a huge variety of tools and
reusable artifacts (i.e. DevOps solutions such as deployment engines,
configuration definitions, container images, etc.) to implement such
application environments. This paper presents the concept of collaborative
solution repositories, which are based on established software engineering
practices. This helps to systematically maintain and link diverse solutions. We
further discuss how discovery and capturing of such solutions can be automated.
To utilize this knowledge (made of linked DevOps solutions), we apply
continuous delivery principles to create diverse knowledge base instances
through corresponding pipelines. Finally, an integrated architecture is
outlined and validated using a prototype implementation.},
url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=ART-2016-22&engl=0}
}
@article {ART-2016-09,
author = {Johannes Wettinger and Vasilios Andrikopoulos and Frank Leymann and Steve Strauch},
title = {{Middleware-oriented Deployment Automation for Cloud Applications}},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing},
publisher = {IEEE},
type = {Artikel in Zeitschrift},
month = {Februar},
year = {2016},
issn = {2168-7161},
doi = {10.1109/TCC.2016.2535325},
language = {Englisch},
cr-category = {D.2.11 Software Engineering Software Architectures,
C.2.4 Distributed Systems},
department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
abstract = {Fully automated provisioning and deployment of applications is one of the most
essential prerequisites to make use of the benefits of Cloud computing in order
to reduce the costs for managing applications. A huge variety of approaches,
tools, and providers are available to automate the involved processes. The
DevOps community, for instance, provides tooling and reusable artifacts to
implement deployment automation in an application-oriented manner.
Platform-as-a-Service frameworks are available for the same purpose. In this
work we systematically classify and characterize available deployment
approaches independently from the underlying technology used. For motivation
and evaluation purposes, we choose Web applications with different technology
stacks and analyze their specific deployment requirements. Afterwards, we
provision these applications using each of the identified types of deployment
approaches in the Cloud to perform qualitative and quantitative measurements.
Finally, we discuss the evaluation results and derive recommendations to decide
which deployment approach to use based on the deployment requirements of an
application. Our results show that deployment approaches can also be
efficiently combined if there is no 'best fit' for a particular application.},
url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=ART-2016-09&engl=0}
}
@article {ART-2016-08,
author = {Johannes Wettinger and Uwe Breitenb{\"u}cher and Frank Leymann},
title = {{Enhancing Cloud Application DevOps Using Dynamically Tailored Deployment Engines}},
journal = {Services Transactions on Cloud Computing},
publisher = {Online},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {1--15},
type = {Artikel in Zeitschrift},
month = {Januar},
year = {2016},
issn = {2326-7550},
language = {Englisch},
cr-category = {D.2.11 Software Engineering Software Architectures,
C.2.4 Distributed Systems},
ee = {http://hipore.com/stcc/2016/IJCC-Vol4-No1-2016b.pdf},
department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
abstract = {Shortening software release cycles increasingly becomes a critical competitive
advantage as today's users, customers, and other stakeholders expect quick
responses to occurring issues and feature requests. DevOps practices and Cloud
computing are two key paradigms to tackle these issues by enabling rapid and
continuous delivery of applications, utilizing automated software delivery
pipelines. However, it is a complex and sophisticated challenge to implement
such pipelines by installing, configuring, orchestrating, and integrating the
required deployment automation solutions. Therefore, we present a method in
conjunction with a framework and implementation to dynamically generate
tailored deployment automation engines for specific application stacks, which
are packaged in a portable manner to run them on various platforms and
infrastructures. The core of our work is based on generating APIs for arbitrary
deployment executables such as scripts and plans that perform different tasks
in the automated deployment process. As a result, deployment tasks can be
triggered through generated API endpoints, abstracting from lower-level,
technical details of diverse deployment automation tooling. Beside a
quantitative evaluation, we discuss two case studies in this context, one
focusing on microservice architectures, the other one considering application
functionality and its relation to deployment functionality.},
url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=ART-2016-08&engl=0}
}
@article {ART-2015-11,
author = {Johannes Wettinger and Uwe Breitenb{\"u}cher and Oliver Kopp and Frank Leymann},
title = {{Streamlining DevOps Automation for Cloud Applications using TOSCA as Standardized Metamodel}},
journal = {Future Generation Computer Systems},
publisher = {Elsevier},
pages = {317--332},
type = {Artikel in Zeitschrift},
month = {August},
year = {2015},
language = {Englisch},
cr-category = {D.2.11 Software Engineering Software Architectures,
C.2.4 Distributed Systems},
department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
abstract = {DevOps as an emerging paradigm aims to tightly integrate developers with
operations personnel. This enables fast and frequent releases in the sense of
continuously delivering new iterations of a particular application. Users and
customers of today's Web applications and mobile apps running in the Cloud
expect fast feedback to problems and feature requests. Thus, it is a critical
competitive advantage to be able to respond quickly. Besides cultural and
organizational changes that are necessary to apply DevOps in practice, tooling
is required to implement end-to-end automation of deployment processes.
Automation is the key to efficient collaboration and tight integration between
development and operations. The DevOps community is constantly pushing new
approaches, tools, and open-source artifacts to implement such automated
processes. However, as all these proprietary and heterogeneous DevOps
automation approaches differ from each other, it is hard to integrate and
combine them to deploy applications in the Cloud using an automated deployment
process. In this paper we present a systematic classification of DevOps
artifacts and show how different kinds of artifacts can be discovered and
transformed toward TOSCA, which is an emerging standard. We present an
integrated modeling and runtime framework to enable the seamless and
interoperable integration of different approaches to model and deploy
application topologies. The framework is implemented by an open-source,
end-to-end toolchain. Moreover, we validate and evaluate the presented approach
to show its practical feasibility based on a detailed case study, in particular
considering the performance of the transformation toward TOSCA.},
url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=ART-2015-11&engl=0}
}
@article {ART-2015-09,
author = {Johannes Wettinger and Uwe Breitenb{\"u}cher and Frank Leymann},
title = {{Compensation and Convergence - Comparing and Combining Deployment Automation Approaches}},
journal = {International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems},
publisher = {World Scientific},
type = {Artikel in Zeitschrift},
month = {August},
year = {2015},
language = {Englisch},
cr-category = {D.2.11 Software Engineering Software Architectures,
C.2.4 Distributed Systems},
department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
abstract = {Leading paradigms to develop, deploy, and operate applications such as
continuous delivery, configuration management, and the merge of development and
operations (DevOps) are the foundation for various techniques and tools to
implement automated deployment. To make such applications available for users
and customers, these approaches are typically used in conjunction with Cloud
computing to automatically provision and manage underlying resources such as
storage and virtual servers. A major class of these automation approaches
follow the idea of converging toward a desired state of a resource (e.g., a
middleware component deployed on a virtual machine). This is achieved by
repeatedly executing idempotent scripts to reach the desired state. Because of
major drawbacks of this approach, we discuss an alternative deployment
automation approach based on compensation and fine-grained snapshots using
container virtualization. We perform an evaluation comparing both approaches in
terms of difficulties at design time and performance at runtime. Moreover, we
discuss concepts, strategies, and implementations to effectively combine
different deployment automation approaches.},
url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=ART-2015-09&engl=0}
}
@article {ART-2014-09,
author = {Johannes Wettinger and Tobias Binz and Uwe Breitenb{\"u}cher and Oliver Kopp and Frank Leymann},
title = {{Streamlining Cloud Management Automation by Unifying the Invocation of Scripts and Services Based on TOSCA}},
journal = {International Journal of Organizational and Collective Intelligence (IJOCI), Volume 4, Issue 2},
publisher = {IGI Global},
pages = {45--63},
type = {Artikel in Zeitschrift},
month = {April},
year = {2014},
keywords = {DevOps; Management Operation; Management Plan; Topology and Orchestration Specification for Cloud Applications (TOSCA); Unified Invocation},
language = {Englisch},
cr-category = {D.2.11 Software Engineering Software Architectures,
C.2.4 Distributed Systems},
department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
abstract = {Today, there is a huge variety of script-centric approaches, APIs, and tools
available to implement automated provisioning, deployment, and management of
applications in the Cloud. The automation of all these aspects is key for
reducing costs. However, most of these approaches are script-centric and
provide proprietary solutions employing different invocation mechanisms,
interfaces, and state models. Moreover, most Cloud providers offer proprietary
APIs to be used for provisioning and management purposes. Consequently, it is
hard to create deployment and management plans that integrate multiple of these
approaches. The goal of the authors work is to come up with an approach for
unifying the invocation of scripts and services without handling each
proprietary interface separately. A prototype realizes the presented approach
in a standards-based manner using the Topology and Orchestration Specification
for Cloud Applications (TOSCA).},
url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=ART-2014-09&engl=0}
}
@inbook {INBOOK-2016-05,
author = {Johannes Wettinger and Uwe Breitenb{\"u}cher and Frank Leymann},
title = {{Streamlining APIfication by Generating APIs for Diverse Executables Using Any2API}},
series = {Cloud Computing and Services Science},
publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
series = {Communications in Computer and Information Science},
volume = {581},
pages = {216--238},
type = {Beitrag in Buch},
month = {Februar},
year = {2016},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-29582-4_12},
isbn = {978-3-319-29581-7},
keywords = {API; APIfication; Service; Web; REST; DevOps; Deployment; Cloud computing},
language = {Englisch},
cr-category = {D.2.12 Software Engineering Interoperability,
C.2.4 Distributed Systems},
department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
abstract = {For many of today's systems, diverse application and management functionality
is exposed by APIs to be used for integration and orchestration purposes. One
important use case is the implementation of fully automated deployment
processes that are utilized to create instances of Web applications or
back-ends for mobile apps. Not all functionality that needs to be integrated in
this context is exposed through APIs natively: such processes typically require
a multitude of other heterogeneous technologies such as scripting languages and
deployment automation tooling. This makes it hard to seamlessly and efficiently
combine and integrate different kinds of building blocks such as scripts and
configuration definitions that are required. Therefore, in this paper, we
present a generic approach to automatically generate API implementations for
arbitrary executables such as scripts and compiled programs, which are not
natively exposed as APIs. This APIfication enables the uniform invocation of
various heterogeneous building blocks, but aims to avoid the costly and manual
wrapping of existing executables. In addition, we present the modular and
extensible open-source framework Any2API that implements the previously
introduced APIfication approach. We evaluate the APIfication approach as well
as the Any2API framework by measuring the overhead of generating and using API
implementations. Moreover, a detailed case study is conducted to confirm the
technical feasibility of the presented approach.},
url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INBOOK-2016-05&engl=0}
}
@inbook {INBOOK-2016-04,
author = {Uwe Breitenb{\"u}cher and Tobias Binz and Oliver Kopp and K{\'a}lm{\'a}n K{\'e}pes and Frank Leymann and Johannes Wettinger},
title = {{Hybrid TOSCA Provisioning Plans: Integrating Declarative and Imperative Cloud Application Provisioning Technologies}},
series = {Cloud Computing and Services Science},
publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
series = {Communications in Computer and Information Science},
volume = {581},
pages = {239--262},
type = {Beitrag in Buch},
month = {Februar},
year = {2016},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-29582-4_13},
isbn = {978-3-319-29581-7},
keywords = {Cloud application provisioning; TOSCA; Hybrid plans; Automation; Declarative modelling; Imperative modelling; Integration},
language = {Englisch},
cr-category = {K.6 Management of Computing and Information Systems},
department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Parallele und Verteilte Systeme, Anwendersoftware;
Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
abstract = {The efficient provisioning of complex applications is one of the most
challenging issues in Cloud Computing. Therefore, various provisioning and
configuration management technologies have been developed that can be
categorized as follows: imperative approaches enable a precise specification of
the low-level tasks to be executed whereas declarative approaches focus on
describing the desired goals and constraints. Since complex applications employ
a plethora of heterogeneous components that must be wired and configured,
typically multiple of these technologies have to be integrated to automate the
entire provisioning process. In a former work, we presented a workflow
modelling concept that enables the seamless integration of imperative and
declarative technologies. This paper is an extension of that work to integrate
the modelling concept with the Cloud standard TOSCA. In particular, we show how
Hybrid Provisioning Plans can be created that retrieve all required information
about the desired provisioning directly from the corresponding TOSCA model. We
validate the practical feasibility of the concept by extending the OpenTOSCA
runtime environment and the workflow language BPEL.},
url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INBOOK-2016-04&engl=0}
}