@inproceedings {INPROC-2011-04,
   author = {Oliver Kopp and Lasse Engler and Tammo van Lessen and Frank Leymann and J{\"o}rg Nitzsche},
   title = {{Interaction Choreography Models in BPEL: Choreographies on the Enterprise Service Bus}},
   booktitle = {Subject-Orientation as Enabler for the Next Generation of BPM Tools and Methods - Second International Conference S-BPM ONE 2010},
   editor = {A. Fleischmann and W. Schmidt and D. Seese and R. Singer},
   publisher = {Springer},
   institution = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Fakult{\"a}t Informatik, Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Germany},
   series = {Communications in Computer and Information Science},
   volume = {138},
   pages = {36--53},
   type = {Konferenz-Beitrag},
   month = {Januar},
   year = {2011},
   doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-23135-3_3},
   language = {Englisch},
   cr-category = {H.4.1 Office Automation},
   ee = {http://www.aifb.kit.edu/web/S-bpm-one/2010/en},
   department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
   abstract = {Interactions between services may be globally captured by choreographies. We introduce BPELgold supporting modeling interaction choreography models using BPEL. We show the usage of BPELgold in an enterprise service bus to ensure an executed message exchange complies with a pre-defined choreography.},
   url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2011-04&engl=0}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2009-27,
   author = {David Schumm and Dimka Karastoyanova and Frank Leymann and J{\"o}rg Nitzsche},
   title = {{On Visualizing and Modelling BPEL with BPMN}},
   booktitle = {IEEE Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Workflow Management (IWWM2009)},
   editor = {Henning M{\"u}ller and Jinjun Chen and Massimo Cafaro and Jong Hyuk Park and Nabil Abdennadher},
   address = {Los Alamitos, California},
   publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
   institution = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Fakult{\"a}t Informatik, Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Germany},
   pages = {80--87},
   type = {Workshop-Beitrag},
   month = {Mai},
   year = {2009},
   isbn = {978-0-7695-3677-4},
   keywords = {BPEL; BPMN; Modelling; Visualizing},
   language = {Englisch},
   cr-category = {D.2.2 Software Engineering Design Tools and Techniques,     H.4.1 Office Automation},
   department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
   abstract = {The advantages of the process-based approach to implementing applications lead to the development of notations for modelling business processes and languages for enacting them in a process engine for the purpose of process automation. Currently the Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) is typically used for modelling business processes and the Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) is used as the process execution format. Both languages differ in purpose, expressivity and operational semantics. Recently it has been shown that there is no complete bi-directional mapping between BPMN and BPEL and transformations have been defined between the two formalisms. However, these transformations lead to more complex models in both, BPEL and BPMN, and enable a roundtrip for only a limited number of scenarios. In this paper we show how BPEL processes can be modelled using the graphical aspect of BPMN in order to facilitate modelling of executable processes using BPMN while avoiding model transformations.},
   url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2009-27&engl=0}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2009-25,
   author = {Tammo van Lessen and J{\"o}rg Nitzsche and Dimka Karastoyanova},
   title = {{Facilitating Rich Data Manipulation in BPEL using E4X}},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1st Central-European Workshop on Services and their Composition, ZEUS 2009, Stuttgart, Germany, March 2--3, 2009},
   editor = {Oliver Kopp and Niels Lohmann},
   address = {Stuttgart},
   publisher = {CEUR-WS.org},
   institution = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Fakult{\"a}t Informatik, Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Germany},
   series = {CEUR Workshop Proceedings},
   volume = {438},
   pages = {102--108},
   type = {Workshop-Beitrag},
   month = {M{\"a}rz},
   year = {2009},
   issn = {1613-0073},
   keywords = {WS-BPEL; BPEL; JavaScript; E4X; ECMAScript; XML},
   language = {Englisch},
   cr-category = {H.4.1 Office Automation},
   ee = {ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pub/library/ncstrl.ustuttgart_fi/INPROC-2009-25/INPROC-2009-25.pdf},
   department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
   abstract = {The Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) uses XML to specify the data used within a process and realizes data flow via (globally) shared variables. Additionally, assign activities can be used to copy (parts of) variables to other variables using techniques like XPath or XSLT. Although BPEL’s built-in functionality is sufficient for simple data manipulation tasks, it becomes very cumbersome when dealing with more sophisticated data models, such as arrays. ECMAScript for XML (E4X) extends JavaScript with support for XML-based data manipulation by introducing new XPath-like language features. In this paper we show how E4X can help to significantly ease data manipulation tasks and propose a BPEL extension that allows employing JavaScript/E4X for implementing them. As E4X allows defining custom functions in terms of scripts, reusability with respect to data manipulation is improved. To verify the conceptual framework we present a proof-of-concept implementation based on Apache ODE.},
   url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2009-25&engl=0}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2008-85,
   author = {Tammo van Lessen and Frank Leymann and Ralph Mietzner and J{\"o}rg Nitzsche and Daniel Schleicher},
   title = {{A Management Framework for WS-BPEL}},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of the 6th IEEE European Conference on Web Services 2008},
   publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
   institution = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Fakult{\"a}t Informatik, Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Germany},
   pages = {187--196},
   type = {Konferenz-Beitrag},
   month = {November},
   year = {2008},
   keywords = {WS-BPEL; BPEL; Management; Monitoring; Resources; WS-RF; REST; JMX},
   language = {Englisch},
   cr-category = {H.4.1 Office Automation,     K.1 The Computer Industry},
   ee = {http://www.computing.dcu.ie/ecows08/},
   department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
   abstract = {WS-BPEL is the standard to define executable business processes in a Web service world. Numerous commercial and open source BPEL engines exist on the market today that allow the execution of process models defined in BPEL. However, these execution engines only provide access to process model and process instance data in terms of proprietary APIs. In this paper we present an approach that models BPEL process models and process instances as resources and thus provides a uniform access scheme for process model and process instance data. This is crucial because access to process model and process instance data is needed in different scenarios that are of key relevance in enterprises today. These scenarios include compliance checking, repair of faulted business processes as well as real-time monitoring of business processes. The lack of a uniform access scheme to process model and process instance data hampers the exchangeability of BPEL engines and therefore results in a potential vendor lock-in.},
   url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2008-85&engl=0}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2008-44,
   author = {J{\"o}rg Nitzsche and Tammo van Lessen and Frank Leymann},
   title = {{Extending BPEL light for Expressing Multi-Partner Message Exchange Patterns}},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of the 12th IEEE International EDOC Conference (EDOC 2008)},
   publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
   institution = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Fakult{\"a}t Informatik, Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Germany},
   pages = {245--254},
   type = {Konferenz-Beitrag},
   month = {September},
   year = {2008},
   isbn = {978-0-7695-3373-5},
   keywords = {BPEL; BPEL light; MEP; Message Exchange Pattern; Multi-Partner},
   language = {Englisch},
   cr-category = {H.4.1 Office Automation,     K.1 The Computer Industry},
   ee = {http://www.lrz-muenchen.de/~edoc2008/},
   department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
   abstract = {Message exchange patterns provide means to define the message flow of a service and how these messages are related in an abstract and reusable manner. They are an integral part of WSDL 2.0 and allow defining operations that have a message exchange beyond requestresponse. They reduce the impedance mismatch between imperative programming and message orientation while emphasizing the message orientated nature of Web Services. Whereas BPEL defines a flow between Web Service operations, BPELlight is an appropriate candidate to define the flow within operations since it abstracts from WSDL. In this paper we extended BPELlight to facilitate capturing complex multi-lateral message exchanges. We refine the partner model and relax the definition of a conversation to enable modelling conversations that involve different partner types. We also extend the language with a first-class construct that enables storing, querying and thus distinguishing addressing information related to multiple partner instances. This way we enable modelling message exchange patterns that capture business logic in a reusable manner on an abstract level like for instance a request for bid scenario or a business transaction for purchase.},
   url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2008-44&engl=0}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2008-38,
   author = {Oliver Kopp and Tammo van Lessen and J{\"o}rg Nitzsche},
   title = {{The Need for a Choreography-aware Service Bus}},
   booktitle = {YR-SOC 2008},
   publisher = {Online},
   institution = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Fakult{\"a}t Informatik, Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Germany},
   pages = {28--34},
   type = {Workshop-Beitrag},
   month = {Juni},
   year = {2008},
   language = {Englisch},
   cr-category = {H.4.1 Office Automation},
   ee = {ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pub/library/ncstrl.ustuttgart_fi/INPROC-2008-38/INPROC-2008-38.pdf,     http://www.yrsoc.org},
   department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
   abstract = {Choreographies offer means to describe the long-running collaboration of business partners. Such descriptions can be used to create new participant processes which comply to the overall choreography or to check whether participating processes conform to the protocol. In addition, choreography descriptions allow for asserting whether a completed cross-organizational conversation has been compliant to the planned choreography. However, choreography descriptions have so far not been used during execution but only during design time. Therefore, it is not yet possible to immediately detect protocol violations and to instantly handle such violations. In this paper we motivate the need of a Choreography-aware Service Bus which is capable of tracking the soundness of cross-organizational conversations while they are running. This fosters a novel notion of exception handling in the context of choreographies.},
   url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2008-38&engl=0}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2008-34,
   author = {Tammo van Lessen and J{\"o}rg Nitzsche and Frank Leymann},
   title = {{Formalising Message Exchange Patterns using BPEL light}},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Services Computing (SCC'08) Research Track},
   publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
   institution = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Fakult{\"a}t Informatik, Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Germany},
   pages = {353--360},
   type = {Konferenz-Beitrag},
   month = {Juli},
   year = {2008},
   language = {Englisch},
   cr-category = {H.4.1 Office Automation,     K.1 The Computer Industry},
   ee = {http://conferences.computer.org/scc/2008/},
   department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
   abstract = {In a message-driven SOA, message exchange patterns (MEPs) define a reusable notion of conversational contracts between a service consumer and a service provider from the provider's point of view. They enable a common understanding regarding a message flow between both parties. In contrast to version 1.1 of the Web Service Description Language (WSDL) the current version 2.0 has introduced a template for defining such patterns that allows to define and reference patterns beyond the standard input/output ones defined in the specification. Although reasonable, this approach brings several disadvantages which we point out in this paper. Since WSDL 2.0 MEPs and WS-BPEL processes describe interaction behaviour from the same perspective BPEL makes a perfect candidate as a language for formalising MEPs, especially because it provides a powerful mechanism for describing control flow and correlation of related messages. In this work we propose a way to formalising MEPs using a WSDL-less BPEL dialect called BPEL light. We introduce a new abstract BPEL profile for defining reusable and machine-readable MEPs that is capable of expressing arbitrary message exchanges. With this approach we pave the way for more flexible interaction styles and reduce the impedance mismatch between imperative programming and message orientation.},
   url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2008-34&engl=0}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2008-33,
   author = {J{\"o}rg Nitzsche and Tammo van Lessen and Frank Leymann},
   title = {{WSDL 2.0 Message Exchange Patterns: Limitations and Opportunities}},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Internet and Web Applications and Services (ICIW 2008)},
   publisher = {IEEE},
   institution = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Fakult{\"a}t Informatik, Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Germany},
   type = {Konferenz-Beitrag},
   month = {Juni},
   year = {2008},
   language = {Englisch},
   cr-category = {H.4.1 Office Automation,     K.1 The Computer Industry},
   ee = {http://www.iaria.org/conferences2008/ProgramICIW08.html},
   department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
   abstract = {The Web Service Description Language (WSDL) provides means to describe functional aspects of a service in a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) based on Web Service technology. In contrast to its predecessor (WSDL 1.1), WSDL 2.0 does not define a fixed set of operation types but provides for a generic mechanism to define an operation by means of message exchange patterns (MEPs). In this paper we identify new MEPs and extend the template used to define MEPs to allow expressing more complex patterns. Furthermore, we compare the expressivity of MEPs in general with other work and formalisms in the field of service interaction. We give a refined definition of MEPs based on a detailed discussion and discuss how WSDL and the MEPs in particular can be combined with the choreography approach.},
   url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2008-33&engl=0}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2008-116,
   author = {J{\"o}rg Nitzsche and Barry Norton},
   title = {{Ontology Based Data Mediation in BPEL (for Semantic Web Services)}},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of Business Process Management Workshops},
   publisher = {Springer Verlag},
   institution = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Fakult{\"a}t Informatik, Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Germany},
   type = {Workshop-Beitrag},
   month = {September},
   year = {2008},
   keywords = {BPEL; Mediation},
   language = {Englisch},
   cr-category = {H.4.1 Office Automation},
   department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
   abstract = {The Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) uses XML to specify the data used within a process and realizes data flow via (globally) shared variables. Additionally, assign activities can be used to copy (parts of) variables to other variables using techniques like XPath or XSLT. BPEL for Semantic Web Services (BPEL4SWS) employs SAWSDL to give meaning to data by referring to ontological concepts and to enable a seamless mapping of XML data and its ontological representation. In this paper we show how this ontological knowledge can be used to ease the definition of data flow in BPEL.We therefore extend BPEL and introduce the concept of mediaton as a first class citizen. We give an example of data mediation in BPEL processes and show how process modellers can benefit from the ontological knowledge when specifying data manipulation declaratively instead of having to implement data manipulation each time a process is modelled.},
   url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2008-116&engl=0}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2008-115,
   author = {J{\"o}rg Nitzsche and Benjamin H{\"o}hersteiger and Frank Leymann and Mirko Sonntag and Markus Tost},
   title = {{Defining the Behaviour of BPELlight Interaction Activities Using Message Exchange Patterns}},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of the Service Wave 2008},
   publisher = {Springer Verlag},
   institution = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Fakult{\"a}t Informatik, Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Germany},
   pages = {275--286},
   type = {Konferenz-Beitrag},
   month = {Dezember},
   year = {2008},
   doi = {10.1007/978-3-540-89897-9_24},
   keywords = {BPEL},
   language = {Englisch},
   cr-category = {H.4.1 Office Automation},
   ee = {http://www.servicewave.eu},
   department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
   abstract = {BPEL light is an extension of BPEL that allows defining executable business processes independant of WSDL port types and operations. However, it adopts BPELs principle of having either non-blocking activities that only send or receive a single message or blocking activities, that are restricted to at most two messages, i.e. they implement a send-receive or receive-send behaviour. In recent work BPEL light has been used to define arbitrary complex message exchange patterns. In this paper we use message exchange patterns defined in BPEL light to describe the behaviour of interaction activities in a generic manner. This is beneficial as complex behaviour like a ``request-for-bid'' only have to be modelled once on an abstract level and can then be reused by simply referencing the corresponding message exchange pattern and filling in parameters whenever needed. This makes process modelling more convenient as the modelling primitives are not restricted to a request-response behaviour but are lifted to a business oriented level.},
   url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2008-115&engl=0}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2008-09,
   author = {Dimka Karastoyanova and Tammo van Lessen and Frank Leymann and Zhilei Ma and J{\"o}rg Nitzsche and Branimir Wetzstein and Sami Bhiri and Manfred Hauswirth and Maciej Zaremba},
   title = {{A Reference Architecture for Semantic Business Process Management Systems}},
   booktitle = {Multikonferenz Wirtschaftsinformatik 2008},
   editor = {Martin Bichler and Thomas Hess and Helmut Krcmar and Ulrike Lechner and Florian Matthes and Arnold Picot and Benjamin Speitkamp and Petra Wolf},
   address = {Berlin},
   publisher = {GITO-Verlag},
   institution = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Fakult{\"a}t Informatik, Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Germany},
   pages = {371--372},
   type = {Konferenz-Beitrag},
   month = {Februar},
   year = {2008},
   isbn = {978-3-940019-34-9},
   language = {Englisch},
   cr-category = {H.5.4 Hypertext/Hypermedia},
   department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
   abstract = {Semantic Business Process Management (SBPM) enhances BPM with semantic technologies in order to increase the degree of automation in the BPM lifecycle and help in bridging the gap between the business and IT views on business processes. In this paper, we describe the architecture of an SBPM System (SBPMS) which supports the whole SBPM lifecycle by providing functionality for process modeling, process configuration, process execution, and process analysis. We analyze the functional requirements of the SBPMS from the business user's and the IT expert's point of view and derive and describe the components of the SBPMS and their key interactions to achieve the required functionalities. We show how existing BPMS components can be extended to use semantics, and describe the integration of new components, such as a Semantic Execution Environment. The presented SBPMS is based on BPMN, BPEL and WSMO technologies.},
   url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2008-09&engl=0}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2007-63,
   author = {J{\"o}rg Nitzsche and Tammo van Lessen and Dimka Karastoyanova and Frank Leymann},
   title = {{BPEL for Semantic Web Services (BPEL4SWS)}},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Agents and Web Services in Distributed Environments AWeSome'07 -- On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems 2007: OTM 2007 Workshops},
   publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
   institution = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Fakult{\"a}t Informatik, Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Germany},
   series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
   volume = {4805/2007},
   pages = {179--188},
   type = {Workshop-Beitrag},
   month = {November},
   year = {2007},
   isbn = {978-3-540-76887-6},
   doi = {10.1007/978-3-540-76888-3_37},
   keywords = {WS-BPEL; BPELlight; BPEL4SWS; Semantic Web Services; SWS; BPM},
   language = {Englisch},
   cr-category = {C.2.4 Distributed Systems,     D.2.11 Software Engineering Software Architectures,     D.2.12 Software Engineering Interoperability,     H.4.1 Office Automation},
   department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
   abstract = {In this paper we present BPEL for Semantic Web Services (BPEL4SWS) - a language that facilitates the orchestration of Semantic Web Services using a process based approach. It is based on the idea of WSDL-less BPEL and enables describing activity implementations semantically which increases the flexibility of business processes. Following an approach that uses a set of composable standards and specifications, BPEL4SWS is independent of any Semantic Web Service framework. It can be used to compose Semantic Web Services, traditional Web Services and a mix of them.},
   url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2007-63&engl=0}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2007-60,
   author = {Tammo van Lessen and Branimir Wetzstein and J{\"o}rg Nitzsche and Zhilei Ma and Dimka Karastoyanova and Frank Leymann},
   title = {{Gesch{\"a}ftsprozessmanagement Meets Semantic Web.}},
   booktitle = {Tagungsband Science Meets Business. Stuttgarter Softwaretechnik Forum 2007, Fraunhofer IAO, 23. November 2007.},
   editor = {D. Spath and A. Weisbecker and O. H{\"o}{\ss} and J. (Hrsg.) Drawehn},
   address = {Stuttgart},
   publisher = {Fraunhofer IRB Verlag},
   institution = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Fakult{\"a}t Informatik, Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Germany},
   pages = {75--83},
   type = {Konferenz-Beitrag},
   month = {November},
   year = {2007},
   isbn = {3-8167-7493-8},
   keywords = {Semantic Business Process Management},
   language = {Deutsch},
   cr-category = {H.4.1 Office Automation},
   department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
   abstract = {23. November 2007 Science Meets Business Am vierten Tag des Stuttgarter Softwaretechnik Forums geben Experten aus Forschung und Wissenschaft Einblick in aktuelle Forschungsarbeiten in den Themenbereichen Softwareengineering, Softwaretechnik und Mobile Anwendungen. Dadurch k{\"o}nnen die Zuh{\"o}rer interessante Impulse f{\"u}r ihr t{\"a}gliches Business sowie einen Ausblick auf zuk{\"u}nftige Trends und Entwicklungen mitnehmen.},
   url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2007-60&engl=0}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2007-24,
   author = {J{\"o}rg Nitzsche and Tammo van Lessen and Dimka Karastoyanova and Frank Leymann},
   title = {{BPEL light}},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Business Process Management (BPM 2007)},
   publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
   institution = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Fakult{\"a}t Informatik, Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Germany},
   series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
   volume = {4714},
   pages = {214--229},
   type = {Konferenz-Beitrag},
   month = {September},
   year = {2007},
   doi = {10.1007/978-3-540-75183-0_16},
   keywords = {BPEL; BPEL light; WSDL-less BPEL; BPM; Workflow; SOA; Web services; flexibility; reusability},
   language = {Englisch},
   cr-category = {C.2.4 Distributed Systems,     D.2.11 Software Engineering Software Architectures,     D.2.12 Software Engineering Interoperability,     H.4.1 Office Automation},
   contact = {joerg.nitsche@iaas.uni-stuttgart.de and tammo.van.lessen@iaas.uni-stuttgart.de},
   department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
   abstract = {In this paper we present BPEL light which decouples process logic from interface definitions. By extending BPEL 2.0 with a WSDL-less interaction model, BPEL light allows to specify process models independent of Web service technology. Since its interaction model is based on plain message exchange, it is completely independent of any interface description language. This fosters flexibility and reusability of process models and enables modelling platform and component model independent business processes. The presented approach takes a significant step towards narrowing down the gap between business level and IT level by facilitating a more business-oriented modelling of executable processes.},
   url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2007-24&engl=0}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2007-23,
   author = {J{\"o}rg Nitzsche and Daniel Wutke and Tammo van Lessen},
   title = {{An Ontology for Executable Business Processes}},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of the Workshop on Semantic Business Process and Product Lifecycle Management (SBPM 2007) held in conjunction with the 3rd European Semantic Web Conference (ESWC 2007) Innsbruck, Austria, June 7, 2007},
   editor = {Martin Hepp and Knut Hinkelmann and Dimitris Karagiannis and R{\"u}diger Klein and Nenad Stojanovic},
   address = {Innsbruck},
   publisher = {CEUR Workshop Proceedings},
   institution = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Fakult{\"a}t Informatik, Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Germany},
   pages = {52--63},
   type = {Workshop-Beitrag},
   month = {Juni},
   year = {2007},
   issn = {1613-0073},
   keywords = {Business Process Management (BPM), Business Process Execution Language (BPEL), Semantic Business Process Management (SBPM),Ontologies, WSML},
   language = {Englisch},
   cr-category = {H.4.1 Office Automation},
   department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
   abstract = {The Web Service Business Process Execution Language (WSBPEL) is the de facto standard for describing workflow-like compositions of Web services, so-called Web service orchestrations. In this paper an ontology for executable BPEL processes is presented, which reflects both the natural language description and the syntax given in the specification. The ontology makes BPEL process models accessible at a semantic level and thus to intelligent queries and machine reasoning.},
   url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2007-23&engl=0}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2007-22,
   author = {Dimka Karastoyanova and Branimir Wetzstein and Tammo van Lessen and Daniel Wutke and J{\"o}rg Nitzsche and Frank Leymann},
   title = {{Semantic Service Bus: Architecture and Implementation of a Next Generation Middleware}},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second International ICDE Workshop on Service Engineering (SEIW 2007)},
   publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
   institution = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Fakult{\"a}t Informatik, Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Germany},
   pages = {347--354},
   type = {Workshop-Beitrag},
   month = {April},
   year = {2007},
   isbn = {1-4244-0832-6},
   doi = {10.1109/ICDEW.2007.4401015},
   keywords = {Semantic Service Bus; SSB; Enterprise Service Bus; BPEL},
   language = {Englisch},
   cr-category = {C.2.4 Distributed Systems,     D.2.11 Software Engineering Software Architectures,     D.2.12 Software Engineering Interoperability,     H.4.1 Office Automation},
   department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
   abstract = {In this paper we present a middleware for the Service Oriented Architecture, called the Semantic Service Bus. It is an advanced middleware possessing enhanced features, as compared to the conventional service buses. It is distinguished by the fact that it uses semantic description of service capabilities, as well as requirements towards services to enable more elaborate service discovery, selection, routing, composition and data mediation. The contributions of the paper are the conceptual architecture of the Semantic Service Bus and a prototypical implementation supporting different semantic Web service technologies (OWL and WSMO) and vanilla Web services. Since the mission critical application scenarios (for SOA) involve complex orchestrations of services, we have chosen to utilize semantically annotated service orchestrations as the applications to use this middleware.},
   url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2007-22&engl=0}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2007-121,
   author = {Ingo Weber and J{\"o}rg Hoffmann and Jan Mendling and J{\"o}rg Nitzsche},
   title = {{Towards a Methodology for Semantic Business Process Modelling and Configuration}},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of Service-Oriented Computing - ICSOC 2007 Workshops},
   publisher = {Springer Verlag},
   institution = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Fakult{\"a}t Informatik, Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Germany},
   type = {Workshop-Beitrag},
   month = {September},
   year = {2007},
   language = {Englisch},
   cr-category = {H.4.1 Office Automation},
   department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
   abstract = {This paper discusses potential benefits from adding semantics to Business Process Management from a methodological point of view, with a focus on the Modeling and Configuration phases. For this purpose, in each of these phases the established activities are examined and new activities are suggested: Firstly, we suggest combining existing control flow validation techniques with semantic process validation techniques. Second, discovery and composition techniques can be used to find implementations, e.g. services (or combinations of services), for the implementation of process activities at modeling time. The discovered implementations allow for mapping the process steps to the IT infrastructure according to several strategies during process configuration, which helps clearly separating modeling from configuration concerns. Furthermore, a new way of testing executable process models is suggested.},
   url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2007-121&engl=0}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2007-100,
   author = {Tammo van Lessen and J{\"o}rg Nitzsche and Marin Dimitrov and Mihail Konstantinov and Dimka Karastoyanova and Luchesar Cekov and Frank Leymann},
   title = {{An Execution Engine for Semantic Business Processes}},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of Service-Oriented Computing - ICSOC 2007 Workshops},
   publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
   institution = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Fakult{\"a}t Informatik, Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Germany},
   series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
   volume = {4907},
   pages = {200--211},
   type = {Workshop-Beitrag},
   month = {September},
   year = {2007},
   language = {Englisch},
   cr-category = {H.4.1 Office Automation,     K.1 The Computer Industry},
   ee = {www.sysedv.tu-berlin.de/semsoc/},
   department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
   abstract = {In this paper we present the architecture and design of an extended BPEL engine that implements the operational semantics of BPEL4SWS. BPEL4SWS is an extension of the BPEL language with support for Semantic Web Service concepts like mediation and semantic descriptions of activity implementations. We describe the basic communication scenarios of processes with services and the interaction between the engine components involved in the execution of BPEL4SWS processes. The presented prototype is based on the open source BPEL engine Apache ODE, features improved configurability and facilitates the definition of additional BPEL extensions with minimal development effort.},
   url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2007-100&engl=0}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2006-82,
   author = {Dimka Karastoyanova and Frank Leymann and J{\"o}rg Nitzsche and Branimir Wetzstein and Daniel Wutke},
   title = {{Parameterized BPEL Processes: Concepts and Implementation}},
   booktitle = {Business Process Management},
   editor = {Schahram Dustdar and Jos{\'e} Luiz Fiadeiro and Amit P. Sheth},
   publisher = {Springer},
   institution = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Fakult{\"a}t Informatik, Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Germany},
   series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
   volume = {4102},
   pages = {471--476},
   type = {Konferenz-Beitrag},
   month = {September},
   year = {2006},
   isbn = {3-540-38901-6},
   doi = {10.1007/11841760_41},
   language = {Englisch},
   cr-category = {K.1 The Computer Industry},
   department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
   abstract = {This paper presents the concept of parameterized WS-flows and two extensions to the BPEL language for enabling it. Another major contribution is a prototypical infrastructure enacting the execution, monitoring and adaptation of parameterized BPEL processes. The advantages of parameterized BPEL processes are the improved flexibility and reusability.},
   url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2006-82&engl=0}
}
@article {ART-2009-13,
   author = {Tammo van Lessen and J{\"o}rg Nitzsche and Frank Leymann},
   title = {{Conversational Web Services: Leveraging BPEL light for Expressing WSDL 2.0 Message Exchange Patterns}},
   journal = {Enterprise Information Systems},
   publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
   volume = {3},
   number = {3},
   pages = {347--367},
   type = {Artikel in Zeitschrift},
   month = {August},
   year = {2009},
   doi = {10.1080/17517570903046300},
   keywords = {BPEL; BPEL light; WSDL 2.0; Message Exchange Patterns; Conversational Web Services},
   language = {Englisch},
   cr-category = {H.4.1 Office Automation},
   department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
   abstract = {Message exchange patterns provide means to define the message flow of a service and how these messages are related in an abstract and reusable manner. They are an integral part of WSDL 2.0 and allow defining operations that have a message exchange beyond request-response. They reduce the impedance mismatch between imperative programming and message orientation while emphasizing the message orientated nature of Web Services. Whereas BPEL defines a flow between Web Service operations, BPEL light is an appropriate candidate to define the flow within operations since it abstracts from WSDL. In this article we use BPEL light to capture complex message exchanges. We show how its partner model can be used to not only define bi-lateral message exchanges but also those conversations that involve different partner types and/or multiple instances of such partners. Therefore we introduce first-class mechanisms to store, query and thus distinguish addressing information related to multiple partner instances. In addition, we increase reusability by allowing recursive definitions of such models. Thus, we enable modelling message exchange patterns that capture business logic in a reusable manner on an abstract level like for instance a request for bid scenario or a business transaction for purchase. Finally, we show how such patterns can be generically mapped to transport protocols.},
   url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=ART-2009-13&engl=0}
}
@article {ART-2008-20,
   author = {J{\"o}rg Nitzsche and Tammo van Lessen and Dimka Karastoyanova and Frank Leymann},
   title = {{Composing Services on the Grid Using BPEL4SWS}},
   journal = {Multiagent and Grid Systems},
   publisher = {IOS Press},
   volume = {4},
   type = {Artikel in Zeitschrift},
   month = {Dezember},
   year = {2008},
   keywords = {Grid; BPEL; BPEL4SWS; Grid Services; Web Services; Semantic Web Services; Scientific Workflows},
   language = {Englisch},
   cr-category = {H.4.1 Office Automation},
   department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
   abstract = {Service composition on the Grid is a challenging task as documented in existing research work. Even though there are initial attempts to use the Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) to compose services on the Grid, still there is a significant lack of flexibility and reusability needed in scientific applications. In this paper we present BPEL for Semantic Web Services (BPEL4SWS) - a language that facilitates the orchestration of Grid Services exposed as traditional Web Services or Semantic Web Services using a process-based approach. It is based on the idea of WSDL-less BPEL and incorporates semantic descriptions of process activity implementations which increases the flexibility of business workflows as well as scientific workflows. Following an approach that uses a set of composable standards and specifications, BPEL4SWS is independent of any Semantic Web Service framework and therefore can also utilize any kind of Semantic Grid services. The advantages of BPEL4SWS are: (1) compliance with standards, (2) independence on service technologies, (3) applicability for both business applications as well as scientific workflows that use Grid services, (4) improved flexibility of processes.},
   url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=ART-2008-20&engl=0}
}
@article {ART-2007-07,
   author = {J{\"o}rg Nitzsche and Tammo van Lessen and Dimka Karastoyanova and Frank Leymann},
   title = {{WSMO/X in the context of business processes: improvement recommendations}},
   journal = {International Journal of Web Information Systems},
   publisher = {Emerald},
   volume = {3},
   number = {1/2},
   pages = {89--103},
   type = {Artikel in Zeitschrift},
   month = {Januar},
   year = {2007},
   issn = {1744-0084},
   doi = {10.1108/17440080710829234},
   keywords = {WSMO; WSMX; BPEL; BPM; SWS; Semantic Web Services},
   language = {Englisch},
   cr-category = {C.2.4 Distributed Systems,     D.2.11 Software Engineering Software Architectures,     D.2.12 Software Engineering Interoperability,     H.4.1 Office Automation},
   ee = {http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewContentItem.do?contentType=Article&contentId=1630706},
   department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
   abstract = {Service-oriented architecture (SOA) is an architecture paradigm targeting integration of applications within and across enterprise boundaries. It has gathered research and industry acceptance and has given an enormous impetus to the business process management technology. Web service (WS) technology is one implementation of the SOA paradigm. It enables seamless integration of new and legacy applications through a stack of standardized composable specifications. WS orchestration is facilitated by the Business Process Execution Language which provides a recursive service composition model. While the programming model the WS technology provides is very flexible, a major deficiency is the need to discover services implementing a particular abstract interface, whereas functional similarities of services are disregarded. The Semantic Web Service technologies, like Web Service Modelling Ontology (WSMO) and Web Ontology Language for Services have been developed with the purpose of eliminating these deficiencies by enabling service discovery based on functional and non-functional properties. The paper aims to focus on these issues. This paper presents a list of requirements that business processes impose on SOA applications. It analyzes the support that WSMO/Web Service Model eXecution environment (WSMX) provides to address these requirements and compares it with the support enabled by the WS specification stack. The paper identifies major flaws in the WSMO model and its reference implementation with respect to business process support. The paper recommends possible solutions for eliminating the lack of needed features on behalf of WSMO/WSMX. It presents in detail how to enable asynchronous stateful communication among WSMO WS and partner-based WS discovery by extending the WSMO model. Additionally, it extends the API of the reference implementation to facilitate the execution of services communicating asynchronously.},
   url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=ART-2007-07&engl=0}
}
@inbook {INBOOK-2009-02,
   author = {Dimka Karastoyanova and Tammo van Lessen and Frank Leymann and Zhilei Ma and J{\"o}rg Nitzsche and Branimir Wetzstein},
   title = {{Semantic Business Process Management: Applying Ontologies in BPM}},
   series = {Handbook of Research on Business Process Modeling},
   publisher = {Information Science Publishing},
   pages = {312--330},
   type = {Beitrag in Buch},
   month = {April},
   year = {2009},
   isbn = {978-1-60566-288-6},
   keywords = {SBPM; BPEL4SWS; SOA; BPM; SWS},
   language = {Englisch},
   cr-category = {H.4.1 Office Automation},
   ee = {http://www.igi-global.com/reference/details.asp?ID=33287},
   department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
   abstract = {Even though process orientation/BPM is a widely accepted paradigm with heavy impact on industry and research the available technology does not support the business professionals’ tasks in an appropriate manner that is in a way allowing processes modeling using concepts from the business domain. This results in a gap between the business people expertise and the IT knowledge required. The current trend in bridging this gap is to utilize technologies developed for the Semantic Web, for example ontologies, while maintaining reusability and flexibility of processes. In this chapter the authors present an overview of existing technologies, supporting the BPM lifecycle, and focus on potential benefits Semantic Web technologies can bring to BPM. The authors will show how these technologies help automate the transition between the inherently separate/detached business professionals’ level and the IT level without the burden of additional knowledge acquisition on behalf of the business professionals. As background information they briefly discuss existing process modeling notations like the Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) as well as the execution centric Business Process Execution Language (BPEL), and their limitations in terms of proper support for the business professional. The chapter stresses on the added value Semantic Web technologies yield when leveraged for the benefit of BPM. For this the authors give examples of existing BPM techniques that can be improved by using Semantic Web technologies, as well as novel approaches which became possible only through the availability of semantic descriptions. They show how process model configuration can be automated and thus simplified and how flexibility during process execution is increased. Additionally, they present innovative techniques like automatic process composition and auto-completion of process models where suitable process fragments are automatically discovered to make up the process model. They also present a reference architecture of a BPM system that utilizes Semantic Web technologies in an SOA environment.},
   url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INBOOK-2009-02&engl=0}
}
@book {BOOK-2011-01,
   author = {Tammo van Lessen and Daniel L{\"u}bke and J{\"o}rg Nitzsche},
   title = {{Gesch{\"a}ftsprozesse automatisieren mit BPEL}},
   address = {Heidelberg},
   publisher = {dpunkt Verlag},
   pages = {278},
   type = {Buch},
   month = {Januar},
   year = {2011},
   isbn = {978-3-89864-670-3},
   language = {Deutsch},
   cr-category = {H.4.1 Office Automation,     D.1.7 Visual Programming,     D.3 Programming Languages},
   ee = {http://www.bpelbuch.de},
   department = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen;     Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart, Institut f{\"u}r Architektur von Anwendungssystemen},
   abstract = {Die Business Process Execution Language (WS-BPEL) ist der De-facto-Standard f{\"u}r die technische Realisierung von Gesch{\"a}ftsprozessen auf der Web-Service-Plattform. Dieses Buch f{\"u}hrt zun{\"a}chst in die Grundlagen der Gesch{\"a}ftsprozessmodellierung ein, wobei zwischen fachlichen und technischen Prozessmodellen unterschieden wird. Es thematisiert die Probleme, die bei der technischen Umsetzung von fachlichen Modellen entstehen k{\"o}nnen, und zeigt entsprechende L{\"o}sungen auf. Dabei wird auch auf das Testen von BPEL-basierten Anwendungen eingegangen. Zur Veranschaulichung wird ein durchg{\"a}ngiges Fallbeispiel verwendet, sodass der Leser nicht nur die Konzepte von BPEL kennenlernt, sondern auch deren korrekte Anwendung. Alle Beispiele k{\"o}nnen mit Open-Source-Software nachvollzogen werden. Aus dem Inhalt: - Fachliche Modellierung der Gesch{\"a}ftsarchitektur - Prozess- und Dom{\"a}nenmodell - Webservice-Stack - Grundlagen von BPEL und Umsetzung von Anwendungen mit BPEL - Qualit{\"a}tssicherung f{\"u}r Serviceorchestrierungen - Testen von BPEL-Prozessen In einem Gastkapitel werden die L{\"o}sungen einiger Hersteller im Bereich SOA/BPM mit BPEL kurz vorgestellt. Im Anhang befinden sich eine Einf{\"u}hrung in XPath und XSLT, Review-Materialien sowie Installationshinweise f{\"u}r Apache ODE, Eclipse BPEL-Designer und BPELUnit.},
   url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=BOOK-2011-01&engl=0}
}