@inproceedings {INPROC-2011-63,
   author = {Sam Guinea and Gabor Kecskemeti and Annapaola Marconi and Branimir Wetzstein},
   title = {{Multi-layered Monitoring and Adaptation}},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Service Oriented Computing (ICSOC 2011); Paphos, Cyprus, December 5-8, 2011},
   publisher = {Springer},
   institution = {University of Stuttgart, Faculty of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, and Information Technology, Germany},
   type = {Conference Paper},
   month = {December},
   year = {2011},
   language = {English},
   cr-category = {H.4.1 Office Automation},
   department = {University of Stuttgart, Institute of Architecture of Application Systems},
   abstract = {Service-based applications have become more and more multi-layered in nature, as we tend to build software as a service on top of infrastructure as a service. Most existing SOA monitoring and adaptation techniques address layer-specific issues. These techniques, if used in isolation, cannot deal with real-world domains, where changes in one layer often affect other layers, and information from multiple layers is essential in truly understanding problems and in developing comprehensive solutions. In this paper we propose a framework that integrates layer specific monitoring and adaptation techniques, and enables multi-layered control loops in service-based systems. The proposed approach is evaluated on a medical imaging procedure for Computed Tomography (CT) Scans, an e-Health scenario characterized by strong dependencies between the software layer and infrastructural resources.},
   url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2011-63&engl=1}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2011-33,
   author = {Alexander Nowak and Frank Leymann and David Schumm and Branimir Wetzstein},
   title = {{An Architecture and Methodology for a Four-Phased Approach to Green Business Process Reengineering}},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on ICT as Key Technology for the Fight against Global Warming - ICT-GLOW 2011},
   publisher = {Springer},
   institution = {University of Stuttgart, Faculty of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, and Information Technology, Germany},
   series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
   volume = {6868},
   pages = {150--164},
   type = {Conference Paper},
   month = {August},
   year = {2011},
   keywords = {Business Processes, Process Views, Process Monitoring, Adaptation, Environmental Impact, Green Business Process Reengineering},
   language = {English},
   cr-category = {H.4.1 Office Automation},
   department = {University of Stuttgart, Institute of Architecture of Application Systems},
   abstract = {Sustainability and responsible resource exposure has become a major issue in everyday life. Government, customers, and increasing social responsibility force more and more organizations to positively optimize their environmental impact towards a better, livable planet. In this paper we propose a four-layered architecture and corresponding four-phased methodology to enable organizations to (1) define ecological characteristics, (2) sense and measure these ecological characteristics, (3) identify, localize and visualize their environmental impact, and (4) help them to develop appropriate adaptation strategies in order to optimize their environmental impact without neglecting the organization’s competitiveness.},
   url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2011-33&engl=1}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2010-77,
   author = {Philipp Leitner and Branimir Wetzstein and Dimka Karastoyanova and Waldemar Hummer and Schahram Dustdar and Frank Leymann},
   title = {{Preventing SLA Violations in Service Compositions Using Aspect-Based Fragment Substitution}},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Service Oriented Computing (ICSOC 2010)},
   publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
   institution = {University of Stuttgart, Faculty of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, and Information Technology, Germany},
   type = {Conference Paper},
   month = {December},
   year = {2010},
   language = {English},
   cr-category = {H.4.1 Office Automation},
   department = {University of Stuttgart, Institute of Architecture of Application Systems},
   abstract = {In this paper we show how the application of the aspect-oriented programming paradigm to runtime adaptation of service compositions can be used to prevent SLA violations. Adaptations are triggered by predicted violations, and are implemented as substitutions of fragments in the service composition. Fragments are full-fledged standalone compositions, and are linked into the original composition via special activities, which we refer to as virtual activities. Before substitution we evaluate fragments with respect to their expected impact on the performance of the composition, and choose those fragments which are best suited to prevent a predicted violation. We show how our approach can be implemented using Windows Workflow Foundation technology, and discuss our work based on an illustrative case study.},
   url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2010-77&engl=1}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2010-01,
   author = {Branimir Wetzstein and Dimka Karastoyanova and Oliver Kopp and Frank Leymann and Daniel Zwink},
   title = {{Cross-Organizational Process Monitoring based on Service Choreographies}},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of the 25th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing (SAC 2010); Sierre, Switzerland, 21-26 March, 2010},
   publisher = {ACM},
   institution = {University of Stuttgart, Faculty of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, and Information Technology, Germany},
   pages = {2485--2490},
   type = {Conference Paper},
   month = {March},
   year = {2010},
   doi = {10.1145/1774088.1774601},
   keywords = {Business Activity Monitoring, Cross-Organizational Monitoring, Service Choreography},
   language = {English},
   cr-category = {H.4.1 Office Automation},
   contact = {branimir.wetzstein@iaas.uni-stuttgart.de},
   department = {University of Stuttgart, Institute of Architecture of Application Systems},
   abstract = {Business process monitoring in the area of service oriented computing is typically performed using business activity monitoring technology in an intra-organizational setting. Due to outsourcing and the increasing need for companies to work together to meet their joint customer demands, there is a need for monitoring of business processes across organizational boundaries. Thereby, partners in a choreography have to exchange monitoring data, in order to enable process tracking and evaluation of process metrics. In this paper, we describe an event-based monitoring approach based on BPEL4Chor service choreography descriptions. We show how to define monitoring agreements specifying events each partner in the choreography has to provide. We distinguish between resource events and complex events for calculation of process metrics using complex event processing technology. We present our implementation and evaluate the concepts based on a scenario.},
   url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2010-01&engl=1}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2009-82,
   author = {Raman Kazhamiakin and Branimir Wetzstein and Dimka Karastoyanova and Marco Pistore and Frank Leymann},
   title = {{Adaptation of Service-Based Applications Based on Process Quality Factor Analysis}},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Monitoring, Adaptation and Beyond (MONA+), co-located with ICSOC/ServiceWave 2009},
   publisher = {Online},
   institution = {University of Stuttgart, Faculty of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, and Information Technology, Germany},
   type = {Workshop Paper},
   month = {November},
   year = {2009},
   language = {English},
   cr-category = {H.4.1 Office Automation},
   department = {University of Stuttgart, Institute of Architecture of Application Systems},
   abstract = {When service-based applications implement business processes, it is important to monitor their performance in terms of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). If monitoring results show that the KPIs do not reach target values, the influential factors have to be analyzed and corresponding adaptation actions have to be taken. In this paper we present a novel adaptation approach for service-based applications (SBAs) based on a process quality factor analysis. This approach uses decision trees for showing the dependencies of KPIs on process quality factors from different functional levels of an SBA. We extend the monitoring and analysis approach and show how the analysis results may be used to come up with an adaptation strategy leading to an SBA that satisfies KPI values. The approach includes creation of a model which associates adaptation actions to process quality metrics, extraction of adaptation requirements based on analysis results, and identification of an adaptation strategy which can consist of several adaptation actions on different functional levels of an SBA.},
   url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2009-82&engl=1}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2009-81,
   author = {Philipp Leitner and Branimir Wetzstein and Florian Rosenberg and Anton Michlmayr and Schahram Dustdar and Frank Leymann},
   title = {{Runtime Prediction of Service Level Agreement Violations for Composite Services}},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Non-Functional Properties and SLA Management in Service-Oriented Computing, co-located with ICSOC 2009},
   publisher = {Springer},
   institution = {University of Stuttgart, Faculty of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, and Information Technology, Germany},
   type = {Workshop Paper},
   month = {November},
   year = {2009},
   language = {English},
   cr-category = {H.4.1 Office Automation},
   department = {University of Stuttgart, Institute of Architecture of Application Systems},
   abstract = {SLAs are contractually binding agreements between service providers and consumers, mandating concrete numerical target values which the service needs to achieve. For service providers, it is essential to prevent SLA violations as much as possible to enhance customer satisfaction and avoid penalty payments. Therefore, it is desirable for providers to predict possible violations before they happen, while it is still possible to set counteractive measures. We propose an approach for predicting SLA violations at runtime, which uses measured and estimated facts (instance data of the composition or QoS of used services) as input for a prediction model. The prediction model is based on machine learning regression techniques, and trained using historical process instances. We present the architecture of our approach and a prototype implementation, and validate our ideas based on an illustrative example.},
   url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2009-81&engl=1}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2009-80,
   author = {Branimir Wetzstein and Philipp Leitner and Florian Rosenberg and Ivona Brandic and Schahram Dustdar and Frank Leymann},
   title = {{Monitoring and Analyzing Influential Factors of Business Process Performance}},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of the 13th IEEE Enterprise Distributed Object Conference (EDOC 2009)},
   publisher = {IEEE},
   institution = {University of Stuttgart, Faculty of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, and Information Technology, Germany},
   type = {Conference Paper},
   month = {September},
   year = {2009},
   language = {English},
   cr-category = {H.4.1 Office Automation},
   contact = {branimir.wetzstein@iaas.uni-stuttgart.de},
   department = {University of Stuttgart, Institute of Architecture of Application Systems},
   abstract = {Business activity monitoring enables continuous observation of key performance indicators (KPIs). However, if things go wrong, a deeper analysis of process performance becomes necessary. Business analysts want to learn about the factors that influence the performance of business processes and most often contribute to the violation of KPI target values, and how they relate to each other. We provide a framework for performance monitoring and analysis of WS-BPEL processes, which consolidates process events and Quality of Service measurements. The framework uses machine learning techniques in order to construct tree structures, which represent the dependencies of a KPI on process and QoS metrics. These dependency trees allow business analysts to analyze how the process KPIs depend on lower-level process metrics and QoS characterisitics of the IT infrastructure. Deeper knowledge about the structure of dependencies can be gained by drill-down analysis of single factors of influence.},
   url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2009-80&engl=1}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2009-23,
   author = {Branimir Wetzstein and Steve Strauch and Frank Leymann},
   title = {{Measuring Performance Metrics of WS-BPEL Service Compositions}},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Networking and Services (ICNS 2009), Valencia, Spain, April 20-25, 2009},
   publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
   institution = {University of Stuttgart, Faculty of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, and Information Technology, Germany},
   type = {Conference Paper},
   month = {April},
   year = {2009},
   keywords = {KPI, Performance Measurement, Process Performace Metric, WS-BPEL, Service Composition},
   language = {English},
   cr-category = {H.4.1 Office Automation},
   department = {University of Stuttgart, Institute of Architecture of Application Systems},
   abstract = {In this paper we present an approach to the development of monitoring solutions for processes implemented as WSBPEL service compositions. The approach allows modeling of process performance metrics in a platform-independent manner and then generating an event-based monitor model for a specific WS-BPEL process engine. We create a metamodel which enables modeling of different types of process performance metrics. In particular, our approach supports modeling of metrics related to correlated processes. In the deployment phase, we generate a monitor model based on a proprietary event metamodel of a process engine. In addition, we determine which events are needed for the calculation of PPMs, and generate corresponding deployment information for the process engine.},
   url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2009-23&engl=1}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2009-18,
   author = {Branimir Wetzstein and Olha Danylevych and Frank Leymann and Marina Bitsaki and Christos Nikolaou and Willem-Jan van den Heuvel and Mike Papazoglou},
   title = {{Towards Monitoring of Key Performance Indicators Across Partners in Service Networks}},
   booktitle = {ServiceWave, MONA+},
   publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
   institution = {University of Stuttgart, Faculty of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, and Information Technology, Germany},
   type = {Workshop Paper},
   month = {February},
   year = {2009},
   language = {English},
   cr-category = {H.4.1 Office Automation},
   ee = {http://www.s-cube-network.eu/MONA},
   department = {University of Stuttgart, Institute of Architecture of Application Systems},
   abstract = {In an ever increasing dynamic environment, companies are forced to cooperate in order to meet customer needs efectively. They set up Service Networks (SN) trying to create a win-win situation for all participants of the network. The calculation of value in an SN is based on key performance indicators (KPIs) which measure the performance of underlying cross-organizational business processes. As for the calculation of KPIs of these processes monitoring information from several paricipants is needed, in an SN it is no more suficient for the participants to monitor just KPIs of their internal processes, e.g., by using Business Activity Monitoring technology. The participants now have to provide a set of monitoring events to the other partners in the SN. In this paper, we describe an approach to monitoring of KPIs across partners in a service network. An SN is mapped to a service choreography and a monitoring agreement is created which specifes how KPIs are decomposed to events that participants in the choreography have to provide. We present our approach based on a case study from the telecommunications domain.},
   url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2009-18&engl=1}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2008-72,
   author = {Oliver Kopp and Branimir Wetzstein and Ralph Mietzner and Stefan Pottinger and Dimka Karastoyanova and Frank Leymann},
   title = {{A Model-Driven Approach to Implementing Coordination Protocols in BPEL}},
   booktitle = {1st International Workshop on Model-Driven Engineering for Business Process Management (MDE4BPM 2008)},
   publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
   institution = {University of Stuttgart, Faculty of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, and Information Technology, Germany},
   series = {Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing},
   volume = {17},
   pages = {188--199},
   type = {Workshop Paper},
   month = {September},
   year = {2008},
   doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-00328-8_19},
   keywords = {MDA; BPEL; WS-Coordination; WS-Business Activity},
   language = {English},
   cr-category = {H.4.1 Office Automation,     K.4.4 Electronic Commerce},
   ee = {http://www.inf.unisi.ch/mde4bpm08/},
   department = {University of Stuttgart, Institute of Architecture of Application Systems},
   abstract = {WS-Coordination defines a framework for establishing pro- tocols for coordinating the outcome agreement within distributed ap- plications. The framework is extensible and allows support for multiple coordination protocols. To facilitate the realization of new coordination protocols we present a model-driven approach for the generation of BPEL processes used as implementation of coordination protocols. We show how coordination protocols can be modeled in domain-specific graph-based diagrams and how to transform such graphs into abstract BPEL process models representing the behavior of the coordinator and the participants in the protocol.},
   url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2008-72&engl=1}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2008-43,
   author = {Branimir Wetzstein and Zhilei Ma and Frank Leymann},
   title = {{Towards Measuring Key Performance Indicators of Semantic Business Processes}},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of 11th International Conference on Business Information Systems (BIS 2008), Innsbruck, Austria, 5-7 May 2008.},
   editor = {Witold Abramowicz and Dieter Fensel},
   address = {Berlin, Heidelberg},
   publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
   institution = {University of Stuttgart, Faculty of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, and Information Technology, Germany},
   pages = {227--238},
   type = {Conference Paper},
   month = {May},
   year = {2008},
   keywords = {semantic business process management, sbpm, performance management, process performance metrics, key performance indicator, kpi},
   language = {English},
   cr-category = {H.4 Information Systems Applications},
   department = {University of Stuttgart, Institute of Architecture of Application Systems},
   abstract = {Business Activity Monitoring (BAM) enables continuous, real-time performance measurement of business processes based on key performance indicators (KPI). The performance information is employed by business users but prior support from IT engineers is required for setting up the BAM solution. Semantic Business Process Management (SBPM) tries to minimize the needed support from IT staff throughout the business process lifecycle. In this paper we introduce a framework for BAM as part of SBPM. We show how performance measurement related activities can be integrated into the semantic business process lifecycle. KPIs are modeled by business analysts exploiting semantic annotations of business processes. KPI models are automatically transformed to IT-level event-based models and used for real-time monitoring using reasoning technology.},
   url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2008-43&engl=1}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2008-121,
   author = {Branimir Wetzstein and Dimka Karastoyanova and Frank Leymann},
   title = {{Towards Management of SLA-Aware Business Processes Based on Key Performance Indicators}},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of the 9th Workshop on Business Process Modeling, Development, and Support (BPMDS'08); Montpellier, France, June 16 – 17, 2008},
   publisher = {Online},
   institution = {University of Stuttgart, Faculty of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, and Information Technology, Germany},
   type = {Workshop Paper},
   month = {June},
   year = {2008},
   language = {English},
   cr-category = {H.4.1 Office Automation},
   department = {University of Stuttgart, Institute of Architecture of Application Systems},
   abstract = {It is increasingly important that Service Level Agreements (SLAs) are taken into account when business processes are exposed as services in a Service Oriented Architecture. SLAs define expected service behavior and non-functional properties of the service. The fact that the service provider has to offer certain guarantees concerning SLA properties has an impact on the business process lifecycle. In this paper we introduce a stepwise approach for management of SLA-aware service compositions based on process performance requirements specified as Key Performance Indicators. The approach is based on the process lifecycle known from Business Process Management and comprises a modeling, configuration and execution phase. We incorporate existing work on SLA modeling, QoS aggregation, and QoS-based service selection, and identify several problems specific to SLA-aware business processes.},
   url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2008-121&engl=1}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2008-100,
   author = {Carlos Pedrinaci and Dave Lambert and Branimir Wetzstein and Tammo van Lessen and Luchesar Cekov and Marin Dimitrov},
   title = {{SENTINEL: a semantic business process monitoring tool}},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Ontology-supported Business Intelligence, OBI 2008, Karlsruhe, Germany, October 27, 2008},
   editor = {Alistair Duke and Martin Hepp and Kalina Bontcheva and Marc B. Vilain},
   publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)},
   institution = {University of Stuttgart, Faculty of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, and Information Technology, Germany},
   series = {ACM International Conference Proceeding Series},
   volume = {308},
   pages = {1--12},
   type = {Workshop Paper},
   month = {October},
   year = {2008},
   isbn = {978-1-60558-219-1},
   keywords = {Business Activity Monitoring; Business Process Analysis; Semantic Business Process Management},
   language = {English},
   cr-category = {D.2.8 Software Engineering Metrics,     D.2.9 Software Engineering Management,     H.4.1 Office Automation,     I.2.4 Knowledge Representation Formalisms and Methods},
   department = {University of Stuttgart, Institute of Architecture of Application Systems},
   abstract = {Business Activity Monitoring (BAM) aims to support the real-time analysis of business processes in order to improve the speed and effectiveness of business operations. Providing a timely, integrated high-level view on the evolution and well-being of business activities within enterprises constitutes a highly valuable analytical tool for monitoring, managing and hopefully enhancing businesses. However, the degree of automation currently achieved cannot support the level of reactivity and adaptation demanded by businesses. We argue that the fundamental problem is that moving between the business level and the IT level is insufficiently automated and suggest an extensive use of semantic technologies as a solution. In particular, we present SENTINEL a Semantic Business Process Monitoring tool that advances the state of the art in BAM by making extensive use of semantic technologies in order to support the integration and derivation of business level knowledge out of low-level audit trails generated by IT systems.},
   url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2008-100&engl=1}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2008-09,
   author = {Dimka Karastoyanova and Tammo van Lessen and Frank Leymann and Zhilei Ma and J{\"o}rg Nitzsche and Branimir Wetzstein and Sami Bhiri and Manfred Hauswirth and Maciej Zaremba},
   title = {{A Reference Architecture for Semantic Business Process Management Systems}},
   booktitle = {Multikonferenz Wirtschaftsinformatik 2008},
   editor = {Martin Bichler and Thomas Hess and Helmut Krcmar and Ulrike Lechner and Florian Matthes and Arnold Picot and Benjamin Speitkamp and Petra Wolf},
   address = {Berlin},
   publisher = {GITO-Verlag},
   institution = {University of Stuttgart, Faculty of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, and Information Technology, Germany},
   pages = {371--372},
   type = {Conference Paper},
   month = {February},
   year = {2008},
   isbn = {978-3-940019-34-9},
   language = {English},
   cr-category = {H.5.4 Hypertext/Hypermedia},
   department = {University of Stuttgart, Institute of Architecture of Application Systems},
   abstract = {Semantic Business Process Management (SBPM) enhances BPM with semantic technologies in order to increase the degree of automation in the BPM lifecycle and help in bridging the gap between the business and IT views on business processes. In this paper, we describe the architecture of an SBPM System (SBPMS) which supports the whole SBPM lifecycle by providing functionality for process modeling, process configuration, process execution, and process analysis. We analyze the functional requirements of the SBPMS from the business user's and the IT expert's point of view and derive and describe the components of the SBPMS and their key interactions to achieve the required functionalities. We show how existing BPMS components can be extended to use semantics, and describe the integration of new components, such as a Semantic Execution Environment. The presented SBPMS is based on BPMN, BPEL and WSMO technologies.},
   url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2008-09&engl=1}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2007-60,
   author = {Tammo van Lessen and Branimir Wetzstein and J{\"o}rg Nitzsche and Zhilei Ma and Dimka Karastoyanova and Frank Leymann},
   title = {{Gesch{\"a}ftsprozessmanagement Meets Semantic Web.}},
   booktitle = {Tagungsband Science Meets Business. Stuttgarter Softwaretechnik Forum 2007, Fraunhofer IAO, 23. November 2007.},
   editor = {D. Spath and A. Weisbecker and O. H{\"o}{\ss} and J. (Hrsg.) Drawehn},
   address = {Stuttgart},
   publisher = {Fraunhofer IRB Verlag},
   institution = {University of Stuttgart, Faculty of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, and Information Technology, Germany},
   pages = {75--83},
   type = {Conference Paper},
   month = {November},
   year = {2007},
   isbn = {3-8167-7493-8},
   keywords = {Semantic Business Process Management},
   language = {German},
   cr-category = {H.4.1 Office Automation},
   department = {University of Stuttgart, Institute of Architecture of Application Systems},
   abstract = {23. November 2007 Science Meets Business Am vierten Tag des Stuttgarter Softwaretechnik Forums geben Experten aus Forschung und Wissenschaft Einblick in aktuelle Forschungsarbeiten in den Themenbereichen Softwareengineering, Softwaretechnik und Mobile Anwendungen. Dadurch k{\"o}nnen die Zuh{\"o}rer interessante Impulse f{\"u}r ihr t{\"a}gliches Business sowie einen Ausblick auf zuk{\"u}nftige Trends und Entwicklungen mitnehmen.},
   url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2007-60&engl=1}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2007-22,
   author = {Dimka Karastoyanova and Branimir Wetzstein and Tammo van Lessen and Daniel Wutke and J{\"o}rg Nitzsche and Frank Leymann},
   title = {{Semantic Service Bus: Architecture and Implementation of a Next Generation Middleware}},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second International ICDE Workshop on Service Engineering (SEIW 2007)},
   publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
   institution = {University of Stuttgart, Faculty of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, and Information Technology, Germany},
   pages = {347--354},
   type = {Workshop Paper},
   month = {April},
   year = {2007},
   isbn = {1-4244-0832-6},
   doi = {10.1109/ICDEW.2007.4401015},
   keywords = {Semantic Service Bus; SSB; Enterprise Service Bus; BPEL},
   language = {English},
   cr-category = {C.2.4 Distributed Systems,     D.2.11 Software Engineering Software Architectures,     D.2.12 Software Engineering Interoperability,     H.4.1 Office Automation},
   department = {University of Stuttgart, Institute of Architecture of Application Systems},
   abstract = {In this paper we present a middleware for the Service Oriented Architecture, called the Semantic Service Bus. It is an advanced middleware possessing enhanced features, as compared to the conventional service buses. It is distinguished by the fact that it uses semantic description of service capabilities, as well as requirements towards services to enable more elaborate service discovery, selection, routing, composition and data mediation. The contributions of the paper are the conceptual architecture of the Semantic Service Bus and a prototypical implementation supporting different semantic Web service technologies (OWL and WSMO) and vanilla Web services. Since the mission critical application scenarios (for SOA) involve complex orchestrations of services, we have chosen to utilize semantically annotated service orchestrations as the applications to use this middleware.},
   url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2007-22&engl=1}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2007-20,
   author = {Zhilei Ma and Branimir Wetzstein and Darko Anicic and Stijn Heymans and Frank Leymann},
   title = {{Semantic Business Process Repository}},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of the Workshop on Semantic Business Process and Product Lifecycle Management (SBPM 2007) in conjunction with the 3rd European Semantic Web Conference (ESWC 2007) Innsbruck, Austria, June 7, 2007},
   editor = {Martin Hepp and Knut Hinkelmann and Dimitris Karagiannis and R{\"u}diger Klein and Nenad Stojanovic},
   address = {Innsbruck},
   publisher = {CEUR Workshop Proceedings},
   institution = {University of Stuttgart, Faculty of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, and Information Technology, Germany},
   series = {CEUR Workshop Proceedings},
   volume = {251},
   pages = {92--100},
   type = {Workshop Paper},
   month = {July},
   year = {2007},
   keywords = {Business Process Management (BPM), Business Process Repository, Semantic Business Process Management (SBPM), Semantic Business Process Repository, Ontologies, Reasoning},
   language = {English},
   cr-category = {H.4.1 Office Automation},
   ee = {ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pub/library/ncstrl.ustuttgart_fi/INPROC-2007-20/INPROC-2007-20.pdf,     http://sbpm2007.fzi.de/,     http://sunsite.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-251/},
   department = {University of Stuttgart, Institute of Architecture of Application Systems},
   abstract = {Semantic Business Process Management (SBPM) utilizes semantic technologies to achieve more automation throughout the BPM lifecycle. An integral part of the SBPM infrastructure is a semantic business process repository, which is used for storage and management of business process modeling artifacts. As in SBPM business process models are based on process ontologies, the semantic business process repository has additional requirements towards support of reasoning and querying capabilities. In this paper, we first describe the functionalities the semantic business process repository has to provide. We then introduce a solution based on the Integrated Rule Inference System (IRIS) on top of a relational database for realizing the storage mechanism and query processing. Finally, we present the overall architecture of the semantic business process repository.},
   url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2007-20&engl=1}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2007-19,
   author = {Branimir Wetzstein and Zhilei Ma and Agata Filipowska and Monika Kaczmarek and Sami Bhiri and Silvestre Losada and Jose-Manuel Lopez-Cobo and Laurent Cicurel},
   title = {{Semantic Business Process Management: A Lifecycle Based Requirements Analysis}},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of the Workshop on Semantic Business Process and Product Lifecycle Management (SBPM 2007) in conjunction with the 3rd European Semantic Web Conference (ESWC 2007) Innsbruck, Austria, June 7, 2007},
   editor = {Martin Hepp and Knut Hinkelmann and Dimitris Karagiannis and R{\"u}diger Klein and Nenad Stojanovic},
   address = {Innsbruck},
   publisher = {CEUR Workshop Proceedings},
   institution = {University of Stuttgart, Faculty of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, and Information Technology, Germany},
   series = {CEUR Workshop Proceedings},
   volume = {251},
   pages = {1--11},
   type = {Workshop Paper},
   month = {June},
   year = {2007},
   keywords = {Business Process Management; Semantic Business Process Management; Semantic Web Services},
   language = {English},
   cr-category = {H.4.1 Office Automation},
   ee = {ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pub/library/ncstrl.ustuttgart_fi/INPROC-2007-19/INPROC-2007-19.pdf,     http://sbpm2007.fzi.de/,     http://sunsite.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-251/},
   contact = {branimir.wetzstein@iaas.uni-stuttgart.de},
   department = {University of Stuttgart, Institute of Architecture of Application Systems},
   abstract = {Despite of increasing software support for Business Process Management (BPM), currently there is still a low degree of automation in the BPM lifecycle, especially when it comes to bridge between the business and IT view on business processes. The goal of Semantic Business Process Management is to achieve more automation in BPM by using semantic technologies. In this paper, we describe on a conceptual level how ontologies and semantic web service technologies can be used throughout the BPM lifecycle, consisting of process modeling, implementation, execution, and analysis phases. The use of semantics in BPM results in new functionality a Semantic Business Process Management System (SBPMS) has to implement. For each phase of the BPM lifecycle, we identify the new functional requirements for a SBPMS, and explain the benefits of adopting semantic technologies in SBPM.},
   url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2007-19&engl=1}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2006-86,
   author = {Dimka Karastoyanova and Frank Leymann and J{\"o}rg Nitsche and Branimir Wetzstein and Daniel Wutke},
   title = {{Utilizing Semantic Web Service Technologies for Automatic Execution of Parameterized BPEL Processes}},
   booktitle = {XML Tage 2006},
   publisher = {Unbekannt},
   institution = {University of Stuttgart, Faculty of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, and Information Technology, Germany},
   type = {Conference Paper},
   month = {September},
   year = {2006},
   language = {English},
   cr-category = {H.4.1 Office Automation,     K.1 The Computer Industry},
   ee = {http://www.xml-clearinghouse.de/ws/XMLT2006/2/},
   department = {University of Stuttgart, Institute of Architecture of Application Systems},
   abstract = {Utilizing Semantic Web Service Technologies for Automatic Execution of Parameterized BPEL Processes},
   url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2006-86&engl=1}
}
@inproceedings {INPROC-2006-82,
   author = {Dimka Karastoyanova and Frank Leymann and J{\"o}rg Nitzsche and Branimir Wetzstein and Daniel Wutke},
   title = {{Parameterized BPEL Processes: Concepts and Implementation}},
   booktitle = {Business Process Management},
   editor = {Schahram Dustdar and Jos{\'e} Luiz Fiadeiro and Amit P. Sheth},
   publisher = {Springer},
   institution = {University of Stuttgart, Faculty of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, and Information Technology, Germany},
   series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
   volume = {4102},
   pages = {471--476},
   type = {Conference Paper},
   month = {September},
   year = {2006},
   isbn = {3-540-38901-6},
   doi = {10.1007/11841760_41},
   language = {English},
   cr-category = {K.1 The Computer Industry},
   department = {University of Stuttgart, Institute of Architecture of Application Systems},
   abstract = {This paper presents the concept of parameterized WS-flows and two extensions to the BPEL language for enabling it. Another major contribution is a prototypical infrastructure enacting the execution, monitoring and adaptation of parameterized BPEL processes. The advantages of parameterized BPEL processes are the improved flexibility and reusability.},
   url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INPROC-2006-82&engl=1}
}
@article {ART-2012-08,
   author = {Branimir Wetzstein and Asli Zengin and Raman Kazhamiakin and Annapaola Marconi and Marco Pistore and Dimka Karastoyanova and Frank Leymann},
   title = {{Preventing KPI Violations in Business Processes based on Decision Tree Learning and Proactive Runtime Adaptation}},
   journal = {Journal of Systems Integration},
   publisher = {Online},
   volume = {3},
   number = {1},
   pages = {3--18},
   type = {Article in Journal},
   month = {January},
   year = {2012},
   issn = {1804-2724},
   language = {English},
   cr-category = {H.4.1 Office Automation},
   department = {University of Stuttgart, Institute of Architecture of Application Systems},
   abstract = {The performance of business processes is measured and monitored in terms of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). If the monitoring results show that the KPI targets are violated, the underlying reasons have to be identified and the process should be adapted accordingly to address the violations. In this paper we propose an integrated monitoring, prediction and adaptation approach for preventing KPI violations of business process instances. KPIs are monitored continuously while the process is executed. Additionally, based on KPI measurements of historical process instances we use decision tree learning to construct classification models which are then used to predict the KPI value of an instance while it is still running. If a KPI violation is predicted, we identify adaptation requirements and adaptation strategies in order to prevent the violation.},
   url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=ART-2012-08&engl=1}
}
@article {ART-2010-07,
   author = {Branimir Wetzstein and Philipp Leitner and Florian Rosenberg and Schahram Dustdar and Frank Leymann},
   title = {{Identifying Influential Factors of Business Process Performance Using Dependency Analysis}},
   journal = {Enterprise Information Systems},
   publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
   volume = {5},
   number = {1},
   pages = {79--98},
   type = {Article in Journal},
   month = {December},
   year = {2010},
   language = {English},
   cr-category = {H.4.1 Office Automation},
   department = {University of Stuttgart, Institute of Architecture of Application Systems},
   abstract = {We present a comprehensive framework for identifying influential factors of business process performance. In particular, our approach combines monitoring of process events and Quality of Service (QoS) measurements with dependency analysis to effectively identify influential factors. The framework uses data mining techniques to construct tree structures to represent dependencies of a Key Performance Indicator (KPI) on process and QoS metrics. These dependency trees allow business analysts to determine how process KPIs depend on lower-level process metrics and QoS characteristics of the IT infrastructure. The structure of the dependencies enables a drill-down analysis of single factors of influence to gain a deeper knowledge why certain KPI targets are not met.},
   url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=ART-2010-07&engl=1}
}
@inbook {INBOOK-2010-05,
   author = {Andreas Metzger and Salima Benbernou and Manuel Carro and Maha Driss and Gabor Kecskemeti and Raman Kazhamiakin and Kyriakos Krytikos and Andrea Mocci and Elisabetta Di Nitto and Branimir Wetzstein and Fabrizio Silvestri},
   title = {{Analytical Quality Assurance}},
   series = {Service Research Challenges and Solutions for the Future Internet: S-Cube - Towards Engineering, Managing and Adapting Service-Based Systems},
   publisher = {Springer},
   series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
   volume = {6500},
   pages = {209--270},
   type = {Article in Book},
   month = {October},
   year = {2010},
   isbn = {978-3-642-17598-5},
   language = {English},
   cr-category = {C.2 Computer-Communication Networks,     F.3 Logics and Meanings of Programs,     D.2 Software Engineering,     I.2 Artificial Intelligence,     H.4 Information Systems Applications,     H.3 Information Storage and Retrieval},
   department = {University of Stuttgart, Institute of Architecture of Application Systems},
   abstract = {The Internet has reached a crossroads in its evolution from a source of information to a critical infrastructure, underpinning economies and everyday life. The demand for more multimedia content, interconnected devices, greater connectivity, richer user experiences and services available at any time and from anywhere is increasing the pressure on existing networks and platforms. In this ubiquitous Internet, the number and scope of services available globally are predicted to grow exponentially leading to the ‘Internet of Services’. However, in order for these services to be used and re-used in the construction and evolution of service-based systems, significant research effort is required into the broader aspects of services and particularly into the multidisciplinary problems that cut across diverse scientific disciplines. The S-Cube Network of Excellence is one of more than 50 projects within the European Union's FP7 - ICT Programme for Research and Development researching various aspects of the Internet of Services. Within this cohort, S-Cube focuses on fundamental principles, techniques and methods for the service-based systems of the future, combining knowledge from experts in the areas of grid computing, service-oriented computing, business process management, software engineering and human-computer interaction. This book presents the foundations, vision, first results and future work in the area of software services as addressed by S-Cube. The book starts with a presentation of the S-Cube research framework, developed to assist in unifying research communities and agendas across Europe, and provides an introduction to the vision of S-Cube, where the anticipated growth in services and service-based systems will have a profound effect on business and society. The remainder of the book follows the building blocks of the research framework and addresses technologies required for realizing future service-based systems and service engineering principles, techniques and methods that use those technologies to ensure robust, manageable and adaptable systems.},
   url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INBOOK-2010-05&engl=1}
}
@inbook {INBOOK-2010-04,
   author = {George Baryannis and Olha Danylevych and Dimka Karastoyanova and Kritikos Kyriakos and Philipp Leitner and Florian Rosenberg and Branimir Wetzstein},
   title = {{Service Composition}},
   series = {Service Research Challenges and Solutions for the Future Internet: S-Cube - Towards Engineering, Managing and Adapting Service-Based Systems},
   publisher = {Springer},
   series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
   volume = {6500},
   pages = {55--84},
   type = {Article in Book},
   month = {October},
   year = {2010},
   isbn = {978-3-642-17598-5},
   language = {English},
   cr-category = {C.2 Computer-Communication Networks,     F.3 Logics and Meanings of Programs,     D.2 Software Engineering,     I.2 Artificial Intelligence,     H.4 Information Systems Applications,     H.3 Information Storage and Retrieval},
   department = {University of Stuttgart, Institute of Architecture of Application Systems},
   abstract = {The Internet has reached a crossroads in its evolution from a source of information to a critical infrastructure, underpinning economies and everyday life. The demand for more multimedia content, interconnected devices, greater connectivity, richer user experiences and services available at any time and from anywhere is increasing the pressure on existing networks and platforms. In this ubiquitous Internet, the number and scope of services available globally are predicted to grow exponentially leading to the ‘Internet of Services’. However, in order for these services to be used and re-used in the construction and evolution of service-based systems, significant research effort is required into the broader aspects of services and particularly into the multidisciplinary problems that cut across diverse scientific disciplines. The S-Cube Network of Excellence is one of more than 50 projects within the European Union's FP7 - ICT Programme for Research and Development researching various aspects of the Internet of Services. Within this cohort, S-Cube focuses on fundamental principles, techniques and methods for the service-based systems of the future, combining knowledge from experts in the areas of grid computing, service-oriented computing, business process management, software engineering and human-computer interaction. This book presents the foundations, vision, first results and future work in the area of software services as addressed by S-Cube. The book starts with a presentation of the S-Cube research framework, developed to assist in unifying research communities and agendas across Europe, and provides an introduction to the vision of S-Cube, where the anticipated growth in services and service-based systems will have a profound effect on business and society. The remainder of the book follows the building blocks of the research framework and addresses technologies required for realizing future service-based systems and service engineering principles, techniques and methods that use those technologies to ensure robust, manageable and adaptable systems.},
   url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INBOOK-2010-04&engl=1}
}
@inbook {INBOOK-2009-02,
   author = {Dimka Karastoyanova and Tammo van Lessen and Frank Leymann and Zhilei Ma and J{\"o}rg Nitzsche and Branimir Wetzstein},
   title = {{Semantic Business Process Management: Applying Ontologies in BPM}},
   series = {Handbook of Research on Business Process Modeling},
   publisher = {Information Science Publishing},
   pages = {312--330},
   type = {Article in Book},
   month = {April},
   year = {2009},
   isbn = {978-1-60566-288-6},
   keywords = {SBPM; BPEL4SWS; SOA; BPM; SWS},
   language = {English},
   cr-category = {H.4.1 Office Automation},
   ee = {http://www.igi-global.com/reference/details.asp?ID=33287},
   department = {University of Stuttgart, Institute of Architecture of Application Systems},
   abstract = {Even though process orientation/BPM is a widely accepted paradigm with heavy impact on industry and research the available technology does not support the business professionals’ tasks in an appropriate manner that is in a way allowing processes modeling using concepts from the business domain. This results in a gap between the business people expertise and the IT knowledge required. The current trend in bridging this gap is to utilize technologies developed for the Semantic Web, for example ontologies, while maintaining reusability and flexibility of processes. In this chapter the authors present an overview of existing technologies, supporting the BPM lifecycle, and focus on potential benefits Semantic Web technologies can bring to BPM. The authors will show how these technologies help automate the transition between the inherently separate/detached business professionals’ level and the IT level without the burden of additional knowledge acquisition on behalf of the business professionals. As background information they briefly discuss existing process modeling notations like the Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) as well as the execution centric Business Process Execution Language (BPEL), and their limitations in terms of proper support for the business professional. The chapter stresses on the added value Semantic Web technologies yield when leveraged for the benefit of BPM. For this the authors give examples of existing BPM techniques that can be improved by using Semantic Web technologies, as well as novel approaches which became possible only through the availability of semantic descriptions. They show how process model configuration can be automated and thus simplified and how flexibility during process execution is increased. Additionally, they present innovative techniques like automatic process composition and auto-completion of process models where suitable process fragments are automatically discovered to make up the process model. They also present a reference architecture of a BPM system that utilizes Semantic Web technologies in an SOA environment.},
   url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INBOOK-2009-02&engl=1}
}
@inbook {INBOOK-2007-02,
   author = {Stijn Heymans and Li Ma and Darko Anicic and Zhilei Ma and Nathalie Steinmetz and Yue Pan and Jing Mei and Achille Fokoue and Aditya Kalyanpur and Aaron Kershenbaum and Edith Schonberg and Kavitha Srinivas and Cristina Feier and Graham Hench and Branimir Wetzstein and Uwe Keller},
   title = {{Ontology Reasoning With Large Data Repositories}},
   series = {Ontology Management for the Semantic Web, Semantic Web Services, and Business Applications},
   address = {Berlin, Heidelberg, New York},
   publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
   pages = {89--130},
   type = {Article in Book},
   month = {November},
   year = {2007},
   isbn = {978-0-387-69899-1},
   keywords = {business repository; IRIS; OWL DL; Reasoning with large datasets; Semantic; Business Process Management; WSML DL},
   language = {English},
   cr-category = {D.2.11 Software Engineering Software Architectures},
   ee = {ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pub/library/ncstrl.ustuttgart_fi/INBOOK-2007-02/INBOOK-2007-02.pdf},
   department = {University of Stuttgart, Institute of Architecture of Application Systems},
   abstract = {Reasoning with large amounts of data together with ontological knowledge is becoming a pertinent issue. In this chapter, we will give an overviewof well-known ontology repositories, including native stores and database based stores, and highlight strengths and limitations of each store. We take Minerva as an example to analyze ontology storage in databases in depth, as well as to discuss efficient indexes for scaling up ontology repositories. We then discuss a scalable reasoning method for handling expressive ontologies, as well as summarize other similar approaches. We will subsequently delve into the details of one particular ontology language based on Description Logics called WSML-DL and show that reasoning with this language can be done by a transformation from WSML-DL to OWL DL and support all main DL-specific reasoning tasks. Finally, we illustrate reasoning and its relevance by showing a reasoning example in a practical business context by presenting the Semantic Business Process Repository (SBPR) for systemical management of semantic business process models. As part of this, we analyze the main requirements on a such a repository. We then compare different approaches for storage mechanisms for this purpose and show how a RDBMS in combination with the IRIS inference engine provides a suitable solution that deals well with the expressiveness of the query language and the required reasoning capabilities even for large amounts of instance data.},
   url = {http://www2.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/NCSTRL/NCSTRL_view.pl?id=INBOOK-2007-02&engl=1}
}